Stosik Michał, Tokarz-Deptuła Beata, Deptuła Wiesław
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2020 Mar 24;64(1):127-136. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0025. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Based on analysis of available genome sequences, five gene lineages of MHC class I molecules (MHC I-U, -Z, -S, -L and -P) and one gene lineage of MHC class II molecules (MHC II-D) have been identified in Osteichthyes. In the latter lineage, three MHC II molecule sublineages have been identified (MHC II-A, -B and -E). As regards MHC class I molecules in Osteichthyes, it is important to take note of the fact that the lineages U and Z in MHC I genes have been identified in almost all fish species examined so far. Phylogenetic studies into MHC II molecule genes of sublineages A and B suggest that they may be descended from the genes of the sublineage named A/B that have been identified in spotted gar (). The sublineage E genes of MHC II molecules, which represent the group of non-polymorphic genes with poor expression in the tissues connected with the immune system, are present in primitive fish, . in paddlefish, sturgeons and spotted gar (), as well as in cyprinids (), Atlantic salmon (), and rainbow trout (). Full elucidation of the details relating to the organisation and functioning of the particular components of the major histocompatibility complex in Osteichthyes can advance the understanding of the evolution of the MHC molecule genes and the immune mechanism.
基于对现有基因组序列的分析，在硬骨鱼中已鉴定出MHC I类分子的五个基因谱系（MHC I-U、-Z、-S、-L和-P）以及MHC II类分子的一个基因谱系（MHC II-D）。在后者的谱系中，已鉴定出三个MHC II分子亚谱系（MHC II-A、-B和-E）。关于硬骨鱼中的MHC I类分子，需要注意的是，到目前为止，在几乎所有检测的鱼类物种中都已鉴定出MHC I基因中的U和Z谱系。对MHC II分子基因亚谱系A和B的系统发育研究表明，它们可能源自已在雀鳝中鉴定出的名为A/B的亚谱系基因。MHC II分子的E亚谱系基因代表在与免疫系统相关的组织中表达较差的非多态性基因群体，存在于原始鱼类中，如匙吻鲟、鲟鱼和雀鳝，以及鲤科鱼类、大西洋鲑和虹鳟中。全面阐明硬骨鱼主要组织相容性复合体特定成分的组织和功能细节，有助于深入了解MHC分子基因的进化和免疫机制。
