Maillet Sarah, Nisole Sébastien
Université Paris Descartes, Unité Inserm UMR 1124, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France, Centre d'études d'agents pathogènes et biotechologies pour la santé (CPBS) CNRS FRE3689, Université de Montpellier 1919, route de Mende 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
Virologie (Montrouge). 2016 Oct 1;20(5):261-272. doi: 10.1684/vir.2016.0667.
Daxx is an ubiquitous protein that was first identified as a Fas-interacting protein. Although cytoplasmic Daxx is involved in apoptosis, it is predominantly a nuclear protein. In the nucleus, Daxx is mainly located within PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs), nuclear structures involved in many cellular processes. The main function of Daxx in the nucleus is transcriptional repression through interactions with multiple factors involved in transcription. Daxx, like other PML NB resident proteins, such as PML itself, but also Sp100 and ATRX, is involved in antiviral defense. In concordance with this, many viruses target Daxx to replicate. Daxx-induced viral restriction has been particularly studied in the case of herpesviruses and adenoviruses, but recent findings suggest that Daxx also has a major role in the replication of retroviruses, including HIV-1. In this review, we summarize and discuss the different antiviral activities of Daxx and detail the strategies that viruses have evolved to escape.
Daxx是一种广泛存在的蛋白质，最初被鉴定为一种与Fas相互作用的蛋白质。虽然细胞质中的Daxx参与细胞凋亡，但它主要是一种核蛋白。在细胞核中，Daxx主要位于早幼粒细胞白血病核小体（PML NBs）内，这是参与许多细胞过程的核结构。Daxx在细胞核中的主要功能是通过与多种转录相关因子相互作用来进行转录抑制。与其他PML NB驻留蛋白一样，如PML本身，还有Sp100和ATRX，Daxx也参与抗病毒防御。与此一致的是，许多病毒靶向Daxx进行复制。Daxx诱导的病毒限制在疱疹病毒和腺病毒的情况下得到了特别研究，但最近的研究结果表明，Daxx在包括HIV-1在内的逆转录病毒复制中也起主要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论了Daxx的不同抗病毒活性，并详细阐述了病毒为逃避而进化出的策略。
