Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic.
Virol J. 2023 May 1;20(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02049-4.
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PM NBs), often referred to as membraneless organelles, are dynamic macromolecular protein complexes composed of a PML protein core and other transient or permanent components. PML NBs have been shown to play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. This review describes in detail the diverse and complex interactions between small and medium size DNA viruses and PML NBs that have been described to date. The PML NB components that interact with small and medium size DNA viruses include PML protein isoforms, ATRX/Daxx, Sp100, Sp110, HP1, and p53, among others. Interaction between viruses and components of these NBs can result in different outcomes, such as influencing viral genome expression and/or replication or impacting IFN-mediated or apoptotic cell responses to viral infection. We discuss how PML NB components abrogate the ability of adenoviruses or Hepatitis B virus to transcribe and/or replicate their genomes and how papillomaviruses use PML NBs and their components to promote their propagation. Interactions between polyomaviruses and PML NBs that are poorly understood but nevertheless suggest that the NBs can serve as scaffolds for viral replication or assembly are also presented. Furthermore, complex interactions between the HBx protein of hepadnaviruses and several PML NBs-associated proteins are also described. Finally, current but scarce information regarding the interactions of VP3/apoptin of the avian anellovirus with PML NBs is provided. Despite the considerable number of studies that have investigated the functions of the PML NBs in the context of viral infection, gaps in our understanding of the fine interactions between viruses and the very dynamic PML NBs remain. The complexity of the bodies is undoubtedly a great challenge that needs to be further addressed.
早幼粒细胞白血病核体（PML NBs），通常被称为无膜细胞器，是由 PML 蛋白核心和其他瞬时或永久成分组成的动态大分子蛋白质复合物。已经表明 PML NBs 在多种细胞过程中发挥作用。本综述详细描述了迄今为止已描述的小和中等大小 DNA 病毒与 PML NBs 之间的各种复杂相互作用。与小和中等大小 DNA 病毒相互作用的 PML NB 成分包括 PML 蛋白异构体、ATRX/Daxx、Sp100、Sp110、HP1 和 p53 等。病毒与这些 NB 成分之间的相互作用会导致不同的结果，例如影响病毒基因组的表达和/或复制，或影响 IFN 介导的或凋亡细胞对病毒感染的反应。我们讨论了 PML NB 成分如何削弱腺病毒或乙型肝炎病毒转录和/或复制其基因组的能力，以及乳头瘤病毒如何利用 PML NBs 和它们的成分来促进它们的传播。还介绍了聚瘤病毒与 PML NBs 之间相互作用的复杂情况，尽管了解甚少，但仍表明 NBs 可以作为病毒复制或组装的支架。此外，还描述了乙型肝炎病毒的 HBx 蛋白与几种 PML NBs 相关蛋白之间的复杂相互作用。最后，提供了有关禽环曲病毒的 VP3/apoptin 与 PML NBs 相互作用的当前但稀缺信息。尽管已经有相当数量的研究调查了 PML NBs 在病毒感染背景下的功能，但我们对病毒与非常动态的 PML NBs 之间的精细相互作用的理解仍然存在差距。这些结构的复杂性无疑是一个巨大的挑战，需要进一步解决。
