Locci Emanuela, Bazzano Giovanni, Demontis Roberto, Chighine Alberto, Fanos Vassilios, d'Aloja Ernesto
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Metabolites. 2020 Apr 4;10(4):141. doi: 10.3390/metabo10040141.
Brain damage related to perinatal asphyxia is the second cause of neuro-disability worldwide. Its incidence was estimated in 2010 as 8.5 cases per 1000 live births worldwide, with no further recent improvement even in more industrialized countries. If so, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is still an issue of global health concern. It is thought that a consistent number of cases may be avoided, and its sequelae may be preventable by a prompt and efficient physical and therapeutic treatment. The lack of early, reliable, and specific biomarkers has up to now hampered a more effective use of hypothermia, which represents the only validated therapy for this condition. The urge to unravel the biological modifications underlying perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy needs new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Metabolomics for its own features is a powerful approach that may help for the identification of specific metabolic profiles related to the pathological mechanism and foreseeable outcome. The metabolomic profiles of animal and human infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia or developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have so far been investigated by means of H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography, leading to the identification of promising metabolomic signatures. In this work, an extensive review of the relevant literature was performed.
围产期窒息相关的脑损伤是全球神经残疾的第二大原因。2010年全球估计其发病率为每1000例活产中有8.5例，即使在工业化程度更高的国家，近期也没有进一步改善。倘若如此，缺氧缺血性脑病仍是一个全球健康关注的问题。人们认为，通过及时有效的物理和治疗性治疗，可以避免一定数量的病例，其后遗症也可能是可预防的。到目前为止，缺乏早期、可靠和特异的生物标志物阻碍了低温疗法的更有效应用，而低温疗法是这种病症唯一经过验证的治疗方法。迫切需要新的诊断和治疗工具来揭示围产期窒息和缺氧缺血性脑病背后的生物学改变。代谢组学因其自身特点是一种强大的方法，可能有助于识别与病理机制和可预见结果相关的特定代谢谱。迄今为止，已通过氢核磁共振波谱以及与气相或液相色谱联用的质谱法研究了暴露于围产期窒息或患缺氧缺血性脑病的动物和人类婴儿的代谢组学谱，从而识别出有前景的代谢组学特征。在这项工作中，对相关文献进行了广泛综述。
