Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, c/ Doctor Ezquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid, Spain.
Pulmonology. 2020 May-Jun;26(3):159-165. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.10.004. Epub 2020 Apr 4.
In order to measure cardiopulmonary performance for clinical and investigation purposes we need standardized tests which allow the comparison with standard values, between people, or individuals with themselves over time. The quest for the ideal exercise test has led to the development of several formats, the so called laboratory and field tests. Incremental exercise tests allow measurement of maximal exercise capacity and a host of submaximal variables of great interest. The physiological rationale of the tests and of the detection of interesting submaximal variables can be explained from the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output kinetic response to constant power exercise. When the muscles have to produce very high energy, the exercise is physiologically limited to relatively short duration. The minimum power at which an exercise can no longer be sustained for long periods of time is called critical power. Above critical power the time-power function shows a hyperbolic shape. This shape provides the rationale for understanding the properties, limitations and responsiveness to interventions of endurance tests such as constant power test on a cycle-ergometer or treadmill, endurance shuttle walk test and six-minute walk test.
为了进行临床和研究目的的心肺功能测量，我们需要标准化的测试，这些测试允许在人与人之间或个体自身之间进行比较，同时也可以与标准值进行比较。对于理想的运动测试的追求导致了几种格式的发展，即所谓的实验室和现场测试。递增运动测试允许测量最大运动能力和一系列非常有趣的次最大变量。从恒功率运动时的摄氧量和二氧化碳排出量的动力学反应，可以解释测试和有趣的次最大变量的检测的生理学原理。当肌肉必须产生非常高的能量时，运动在生理上限制在相对较短的时间内。肌肉无法长时间维持的最小功率称为临界功率。在临界功率以上，时-功函数呈双曲线形状。这种形状为理解耐力测试的特性、限制和对干预的反应提供了理论基础，如在自行车功率计或跑步机上进行的恒功率测试、耐力穿梭步行测试和六分钟步行测试。
