Ohtaka-Maruyama Chiaki
Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Neuroanat. 2020 Mar 19;14:8. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00008. eCollection 2020.
Subplate neurons (SpNs) are one of the earliest born and matured neurons in the developing cerebral cortex and play an important role in the early development of the neocortex. It has been known that SpNs have an essential role in thalamocortical axon (TCA) pathfinding and the establishment of the first neural circuit from the thalamus towards cortical layer IV. In addition to this function, it has recently been revealed in mouse corticogenesis that SpNs play an important role in the regulation of radial neuronal migration during the mid-embryonic stage. Moreover, accumulating studies throw light on the possible roles of SpNs in adult brain functions and also their involvement in psychiatric or other neurological disorders. As SpNs are unique to mammals, they may have contributed to the evolution of the mammalian neocortex by efficiently organizing cortical formation during the limited embryonic period of corticogenesis. By increasing our knowledge of the functions of SpNs, we will clarify how SpNs act as an organizer of mammalian neocortical formation.
亚板神经元（SpNs）是发育中的大脑皮层中最早生成并成熟的神经元之一，在新皮层的早期发育中发挥着重要作用。已知SpNs在丘脑皮质轴突（TCA）寻路以及从丘脑到皮质第IV层的首个神经回路的建立中起着至关重要的作用。除了这一功能外，最近在小鼠皮质发生过程中发现，SpNs在胚胎中期径向神经元迁移的调节中发挥重要作用。此外，越来越多的研究揭示了SpNs在成人大脑功能中的可能作用以及它们与精神疾病或其他神经系统疾病的关联。由于SpNs是哺乳动物所特有的，它们可能通过在有限的胚胎皮质发生期高效组织皮质形成，对哺乳动物新皮层的进化做出了贡献。通过增加我们对SpNs功能的了解，我们将阐明SpNs如何作为哺乳动物新皮层形成的组织者发挥作用。
