Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.
Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2020 Apr 3;28:e20190355. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0355. eCollection 2020.
The tongue participates in the oral phase of swallowing by pushing the food bolus toward the oropharynx. This relationship between tongue function and swallowing is little addressed addressed in individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD).
To analyze the association of functional tongue conditions on swallowing in individuals with TMD.
After approval by the Institutional Review Board, the study was conducted on 30 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 28 years, with TMD, and not treated for the disorder. Tongue function was assessed as to the mobility, pressure, and oral motor control. Swallowing was analyzed by clinical assessment during ingestion of solid (wafer biscuit) and liquid (water). Data regarding mobility and swallowing were collected using the orofacial myofunctional evaluation protocol. Tongue pressure was measured by the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, during elevation, protrusion, swallowing, and resistance test. The oral motor control was assessed by the oral diadochokinesis (DDK) test by rapid and repeated emissions of syllables "ta" and "ka". Data were statistically analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient, at a significance level of 5%.
Relationships were found between tongue function and swallowing for the following aspects: mobility (r=0.741), pressure in protrusion (r=-0.366), swallowing of saliva (r=-0.499), mean DDK rate in emissions "ta" (r=-0.424) and "ka" (r=-0.446), and mean DDK period in emissions "ta" (r=0.424) and "ka" (r=0.446). Thus, the greater the change in tongue mobility, the lower the tongue pressure in protrusion and swallowing of saliva, the lower the emissions per second, the longer the mean time between vocalizations, and the worse the swallowing of individuals with TMD.
The functional conditions of the tongue regarding mobility, pressure, and oral DDK were associated with swallowing in individuals with TMD.
舌头通过将食物推向口咽部来参与吞咽的口腔阶段。颞下颌关节功能紊乱（TMD）患者的舌头功能与吞咽之间的这种关系很少受到关注。
分析 TMD 患者的功能性舌头状况与吞咽的关系。
在机构审查委员会批准后，对 30 名年龄在 18 至 28 岁之间的 TMD 患者（男女不限）进行了研究，且这些患者未接受过该疾病的治疗。评估了舌头的运动、压力和口腔运动控制功能。通过对固体（威化饼干）和液体（水）摄入期间的临床评估来分析吞咽。使用口面肌功能评估方案收集关于运动和吞咽的数据。在抬高、伸出、吞咽和抵抗测试期间，通过爱荷华口腔性能仪器测量舌头压力。通过快速和重复发出音节“ta”和“ka”来评估口腔运动的协调性。使用 Spearman 相关系数对数据进行统计学分析，显著性水平为 5%。
发现了舌头功能与吞咽之间的以下关系：运动（r=0.741）、伸出时的压力（r=-0.366）、唾液吞咽（r=-0.499）、“ta”发音的平均 DDK 率（r=-0.424）和“ka”（r=-0.446），以及“ta”发音的平均 DDK 周期（r=0.424）和“ka”（r=0.446）。因此，舌头运动变化越大，伸出时的舌头压力和唾液吞咽能力越低，每秒发音次数越少，发音之间的平均时间越长，TMD 患者的吞咽能力越差。
TMD 患者的舌头运动、压力和口腔 DDK 的功能状况与吞咽有关。
