Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020 Apr 3;53:e20190538. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-2019-0538-2019. eCollection 2020.
Leishmaniasis constitutes a serious but neglected tropical disease. Recently, socio-environmental, biological and physical changes have altered the range of leishmaniasis, causing it to spread into urban areas. In Minas Gerais, the disease is endemic, exhibiting regional differences and reaching urban centers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate entomological aspects related to the ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in Itaúna.
Monthly catches with HP traps were carried out from June 2017 to May 2018, in three ecological areas (urban, rural, and forest). The adaptability of the species to anthropic environments was assessed using the synanthropy index (SI).
We collected 1306 specimens of phlebotomine sand flies. Of the species of medical importance, Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of Leishmania infantum, represented 90.4% of the specimens identified at species level (n=1260). Nyssomyia whitmani, the vector of Leishmania braziliensis, represented 1.6% of the total. Lu. longipalpis displayed an SI of +95.8, a value that denotes a marked preference for human environments. For Ny. whitmani, the SI was -25, expressing the tendency of this species to occupy uninhabited areas. The population of the three most numerous species captured increased with rain, high temperatures, and high relative humidity. Although captured at low numbers, Ny. whitmani showed a different profile concerning the climate variables analyzed.
Understanding the epidemiology of the disease may assist the health services in formulating effective control measures for improving community health and contributing to the establishment of a dynamic relationship and a global awareness of the health/disease process.
利什曼病是一种严重但被忽视的热带病。最近，社会环境、生物和物理变化改变了利什曼病的范围，导致其传播到城市地区。在米纳斯吉拉斯州，该疾病是地方性的，存在区域差异，并蔓延到城市中心。本研究旨在评估伊塔乌纳利什曼病生态流行病学的昆虫学方面。
从 2017 年 6 月到 2018 年 5 月，使用 HP 陷阱每月进行一次捕获，在三个生态区（城市、农村和森林）进行。使用共生指数（SI）评估物种对人为环境的适应性。
我们共收集了 1306 只白蛉标本。在具有医学重要性的物种中，作为 Leishmania infantum 传播媒介的 Lutzomyia longipalpis 占鉴定为种水平的标本的 90.4%（n=1260）。Leishmania braziliensis 的传播媒介 Nyssomyia whitmani 占总数的 1.6%。Lu. longipalpis 的 SI 为+95.8，表明其对人类环境有明显的偏好。对于 Ny. whitmani，SI 为-25，表明该物种倾向于占据无人居住的区域。捕获的三种数量最多的物种的数量随着降雨、高温和高相对湿度而增加。尽管 Ny. whitmani 的捕获数量较低，但它在分析的气候变量方面表现出不同的特征。
了解疾病的流行病学可以帮助卫生服务部门制定有效的控制措施，改善社区健康，并有助于建立健康/疾病过程的动态关系和全球意识。
