Al Murad Musa, Khan Abdul Latif, Muneer Sowbiya
Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Apr 6;9(4):460. doi: 10.3390/plants9040460.
Agricultural land is extensively affected by salinity stress either due to natural phenomena or by agricultural practices. Saline stress possesses two major threats to crop growth: osmotic stress and oxidative stress. The response of these changes is often accompanied by variety of symptoms, such as the decrease in leaf area and internode length and increase in leaf thickness and succulence, abscission of leaves, and necrosis of root and shoot. Salinity also delays the potential physiological activities, such as photosynthesis, transpiration, phytohormonal functions, metabolic pathways, and gene/protein functions. However, crops in response to salinity stress adopt counter cascade mechanisms to tackle salinity stress incursion, whilst continuous exposure to saline stress overcomes the defense mechanism system which results in cell death and compromises the function of essential organelles in crops. To overcome the salinity, a large number of studies have been conducted on silicon (Si); one of the beneficial elements in the Earth's crust. Si application has been found to mitigate salinity stress and improve plant growth and development, involving signaling transduction pathways of various organelles and other molecular mechanisms. A large number of studies have been conducted on several agricultural crops, whereas limited information is available on horticultural crops. In the present review article, we have summarized the potential role of Si in mitigating salinity stress in horticultural crops and possible mechanism of Si-associated improvements in them. The present review also scrutinizes the need of future research to evaluate the role of Si and gaps to saline stress in horticultural crops for their improvement.
由于自然现象或农业实践，农业用地受到盐胁迫的广泛影响。盐胁迫对作物生长构成两大威胁：渗透胁迫和氧化胁迫。这些变化的反应通常伴随着各种症状，如叶面积和节间长度减少、叶片厚度和肉质增加、叶片脱落以及根和茎坏死。盐度还会延迟潜在的生理活动，如光合作用、蒸腾作用、植物激素功能、代谢途径以及基因/蛋白质功能。然而，作物对盐胁迫的反应会采用反级联机制来应对盐胁迫的入侵，而持续暴露于盐胁迫会克服防御机制系统，导致细胞死亡并损害作物中基本细胞器的功能。为了克服盐害，人们对硅（Si）进行了大量研究，硅是地壳中的有益元素之一。研究发现，施用硅可以减轻盐胁迫，促进植物生长发育，涉及各种细胞器的信号转导途径和其他分子机制。人们已经对几种农作物进行了大量研究，但关于园艺作物的信息有限。在本综述文章中，我们总结了硅在减轻园艺作物盐胁迫方面的潜在作用以及硅相关改善的可能机制。本综述还审视了未来研究的必要性，以评估硅的作用以及园艺作物应对盐胁迫的差距，从而实现对它们的改良。
