Dai Boyi, Layer Jacob S, Hinshaw Taylour J, Cook Ross F, Dufek Janet S
Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Mar 31;72:15-28. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0123. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Developing effective landing strategies has implications for both injury prevention and performance training. The purpose was to quantify the kinematics of Parkour practitioners' landings from three heights utilizing four techniques. Seventeen male and three female Parkour practitioners landed from 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 m utilizing the squat, forward, roll, and stiff landing techniques when three-dimensional kinematics were collected. The stiff landing demonstrated the shortest landing time, and the roll landing showed the longest landing time for 1.8 and 2.7 m. Roll landings demonstrated the greatest forward velocities at initial contact and at the end of the landing. Stiff landings showed the greatest changes in vertical velocity during the early landing, while roll landings showed the least changes for 0.9 and 1.8 m. Both roll and stiff landings generally resulted in decreased changes in horizontal velocity during the early landing compared to squat and forward landings. The four landing techniques also demonstrated different lower extremity joint angles. Stiff landings may increase injury risk because of the quick decrease of vertical velocities. Roll landings allow individuals to decrease vertical and horizontal velocities over a longer time, which is likely to decrease the peak loading imposed on the lower extremities.
制定有效的落地策略对预防损伤和性能训练都有影响。目的是利用四种技术量化跑酷练习者从三个高度落地时的运动学特征。在收集三维运动学数据时，17名男性和3名女性跑酷练习者分别采用深蹲、前倒、翻滚和僵硬落地技术从0.9米、1.8米和2.7米高度落地。僵硬落地的落地时间最短，而在1.8米和2.7米高度时，翻滚落地的落地时间最长。翻滚落地在初始接触和落地结束时的向前速度最大。僵硬落地在落地初期垂直速度变化最大，而在0.9米和1.8米高度时，翻滚落地的垂直速度变化最小。与深蹲和前倒落地相比，翻滚和僵硬落地在落地初期通常会使水平速度变化减小。四种落地技术还展示了不同的下肢关节角度。由于垂直速度快速下降，僵硬落地可能会增加受伤风险。翻滚落地能让个体在更长时间内降低垂直和水平速度，这可能会减少施加在下肢的峰值负荷。
