Imaging contribution to temporal bone anatomy.

The research programme at the Department of Otoradiology, Uppsala, has been directed towards radio-anatomic investigation of various structures of the temporal bone, such as the jugular fossa, the facial canal, the aqueducts, the internal acoustic meatus, and the extent of pneumatization. Deep-frozen temporal bone specimens have been examined by CT and multidirectional tomography in different projections. After that plastic casts have been prepared. The method allows assessment of the anatomic variations of the structures under study, and also an estimate of the reliability of radiographic reproduction. The resolution capability of CT allows satisfactory reproduction of both inner and middle ear structures. Of the ossicles the malleus and incus with their ligaments are regularly visualized. On rare occasions even the stapes can be reproduced.