Comparison of professional medical society guidelines for appropriate use of coronary computed tomography angiography.

BACKGROUND

Multiple appropriate use criteria (AUC) exist for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), but there is little data on the agreement between AUC from different professional medical societies. The aim of this study is to compare the appropriateness of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) exams assessed using multimodality AUC from the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) versus the American College of Radiology (ACR).

METHODS

In a single-center prospective cohort study from June 2014 to 2016, 1005 consecutive subjects referred for evaluation of known or suspected CAD received a contrast-enhanced CCTA. The primary outcome was the agreement of appropriateness ratings using ACCF and ACR guidelines, measured by the kappa statistic. A secondary outcome was the rate of obstructive CAD by appropriateness rating.

RESULTS

Among 1005 subjects, the median (5-95th percentile) age was 59 (37-76) years with 59.0% male. The ACCF criteria classified 39.6% (n = 398) appropriate, 24.2% (n = 243) maybe appropriate, and 36.2% (n = 364) rarely appropriate. The ACR guidelines classified 72.3% (n = 727) appropriate, 2.6% (n = 26) maybe appropriate, and 25.1% (n = 252) rarely appropriate. ACCF and ACR appropriateness ratings were in agreement for 55.0% (n = 553). Overall, there was poor agreement (kappa 0.27 [95% confidence interval 0.23-0.31]). By both AUC methods, a low rate of obstructive CAD was observed in the rarely appropriate exams (ACCF 7.1% [n = 26 of 364] and ACR 13.5% [n = 34 of 252]).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to ACCF criteria, the ACR guidelines of appropriateness were broader and classified significantly more CCTA exams as appropriate. The poor agreement between appropriateness ratings from the ACCF and ACR AUC guidelines evokes implications for reimbursement and future test utilization.