Tripathi Pankaj, Alshahrani Saeed, Alhazmi Hassan A, Tripathi Rina, Siddiqui Abdul Hakeem, Ahsan Waquar, Al Bratty Mohammed
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Apr;28(4):480-486. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.010. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
This study was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of brown shammah (BS), a local form of smokeless tobacco, popular in Middle East countries including Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. The genotoxicity was explored using chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN) and sperm abnormality (SA) assays. In addition, oxidative stress was also determined using various hepatic markers. Swiss albino mice were selected for the study, which were divided in to 5 groups of six animals each. They include, negative control (NC, received only vehicle) as well as positive control group (PC, received vehicle for 2 weeks followed by administration of cyclophosphamide, CP). Depending upon their dose, three BS treated animal groups were BS-100, 300 and 900 mg/kg. Doses of BS were obtained by suspending BS in 0.5% CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) and orally administered once a day for 2 weeks. Significant augmentation of the average percentage of aberrant metaphase (AM), CA per cells and suppressed mitotic activity was observed on post administration of BS. In addition, BS increased the occurrence of MNPCEs (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes) formation, induced cytotoxicity and increased percentage of abnormal sperms as compared to NC. Moreover, BS also induced oxidative stress as the activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were reduced and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased by BS. Cyclophosphamide was utilized as clastogen, showed anticipated positive results and confirmed the sensitivity of test system. Therefore, it may be deduced from the study that the BS possesses genotoxic effects on mice bone marrow and germ cells .
本研究旨在评估棕色沙马（BS）的遗传毒性，棕色沙马是一种在包括也门、沙特阿拉伯和苏丹在内的中东国家流行的当地无烟烟草形式。使用染色体畸变（CA）、微核（MN）和精子异常（SA）试验来探究其遗传毒性。此外，还使用各种肝脏标志物来测定氧化应激。选择瑞士白化小鼠进行研究，将其分为5组，每组6只动物。它们包括阴性对照组（NC，仅接受赋形剂）以及阳性对照组（PC，接受赋形剂2周，随后给予环磷酰胺，CP）。根据剂量，三个BS处理的动物组分别为BS - 100、300和900 mg/kg。通过将BS悬浮在0.5%羧甲基纤维素（CMC）中获得BS的剂量，并每天口服给药一次，持续2周。在给予BS后，观察到异常中期平均百分比（AM）、每细胞CA显著增加以及有丝分裂活性受到抑制。此外，与NC相比，BS增加了微核多染红细胞（MNPCEs）形成的发生率，诱导了细胞毒性并增加了异常精子的百分比。此外，由于BS降低了肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的活性，并增加了丙二醛（MDA）含量，因此BS还诱导了氧化应激。环磷酰胺用作断裂剂，显示出预期的阳性结果并证实了测试系统的敏感性。因此，从该研究中可以推断，BS对小鼠骨髓和生殖细胞具有遗传毒性作用。
