Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2124:69-106. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_4.
Transgenic technologies belong to important tools of reverse genetics and biotechnology in plants. Targeted genetic modifications can reveal functions of genes of interest, change metabolic and regulatory pathways, or result in accumulation of valuable proteins or metabolites. However, to be efficient in targeted genetic modification, the chimeric gene construct should be designed properly. In particular, the promoters used to control transgene expression need to be carefully chosen. Most promoters in widely used vectors belong to strong and constitutively expressed variants. However, in many cases transgene expression has to be restricted to certain tissue, stage of development, or response to some internal or external stimuli. In turn, a large variety of tissue-specific promoters have been studied and information on their characteristics may be recovered from the literature. An appropriate promoter may be selected and used in genetic construct to optimize the transgene transcription pattern. We have previously designed the TGP database (TransGene Promoters, http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/tgp/home.html ) collecting information from the publications in this field. Here we review the wide range of noncanonical tissue-specific and developmentally regulated promoters that might be used for transgene expression control.
转基因技术属于植物反遗传学和生物技术的重要工具。靶向基因修饰可以揭示感兴趣基因的功能，改变代谢和调节途径，或导致有价值的蛋白质或代谢物的积累。然而，要实现靶向基因修饰的高效性，嵌合基因构建体需要进行适当的设计。特别是，用于控制转基因表达的启动子需要仔细选择。在广泛使用的载体中使用的大多数启动子属于强且组成型表达的变体。然而，在许多情况下，必须将转基因表达限制在特定的组织、发育阶段或对某些内部或外部刺激的反应。反过来，已经研究了大量的组织特异性启动子，并且可以从文献中检索到有关其特征的信息。可以选择适当的启动子并将其用于遗传构建体中，以优化转基因的转录模式。我们之前设计了 TGP 数据库（TransGene Promoters，http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/tgp/home.html），该数据库从该领域的出版物中收集信息。在这里，我们回顾了广泛的非典型组织特异性和发育调控启动子，这些启动子可用于转基因表达控制。
