Biolistic Delivery of Programmable Nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) in Bread Wheat.

The discovery of site-specific programmable nucleases has led to a major breakthrough in the area of genome editing. In the past few years, CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized for genome editing of a large number of crops including cereals like wheat, rice, maize, and barley. In terms of consumption, wheat is second only to rice as the most important crop of the world. In the present chapter, we describe biolistic delivery method of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of programmable nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) for targeted genome editing and selection-free screening of transformants in wheat. The method not only overcomes the problem of random integration into the genome but also reduces the off-targets. Besides the step-by-step protocol, plausible challenges and ways to overcome them are also discussed. By using the described method of biolistic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant systems, genome-edited plants can be identified within 11 weeks.