Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):e80-e89. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30130-4. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
This Review updates the scientific evidence assessing possible causal associations of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) compiled in the 2012 report from the Institute of Medicine and the 2014 report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. For 12 of 46 AEFI examined, a causal relationship has been established with at least one vaccine currently routinely recommended to the general USA population: anaphylaxis, arthralgia or arthritis (mild, acute, and transient, not chronic), deltoid bursitis (when vaccine is administered improperly), disseminated varicella infection (in immune deficient individuals for whom the varicella vaccine is contraindicated), encephalitis, febrile seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome, hepatitis (in immune deficient individuals for whom the varicella vaccine is contraindicated), herpes zoster, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, meningitis, and syncope. Other than mild acute and transient arthralgia or arthritis, which is very common in adult women after rubella vaccine, these adverse reactions are rare or very rare. Vaccines have an excellent safety profile overall and provide protection against infectious diseases to individuals and the general population.
本综述更新了 2012 年美国医学研究所（Institute of Medicine）和 2014 年医疗保健研究与质量局（Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality）报告中评估免疫接种后不良反应（AEFI）可能因果关系的科学证据。在 46 种 AEFI 中，有 12 种与目前常规推荐给美国普通人群的至少一种疫苗有因果关系：过敏反应、关节痛或关节炎（轻度、急性和短暂，非慢性）、三角肌滑囊炎（疫苗接种不当）、播散性水痘感染（对于禁忌接种水痘疫苗的免疫缺陷个体）、脑炎、热性惊厥、格林-巴利综合征、肝炎（对于禁忌接种水痘疫苗的免疫缺陷个体）、带状疱疹、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、脑膜炎和晕厥。除了风疹疫苗接种后在成年女性中非常常见的轻度急性和短暂性关节炎或关节痛外，这些不良反应较为罕见或非常罕见。疫苗总体上具有极好的安全性，并为个体和人群提供针对传染病的保护。
