Sjöström M, Johansson C, Lorentzon R
Department of Neurology, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1988 Apr;132(4):537-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08362.x.
Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of five male marathon runners and five sprinters. The athletes performed their last competition at least 2 weeks prior to the investigation. No clinical signs of discomfort or injury were observed in the runners. The biopsy specimens from the sprinters showed an ordinary overall morphology, although fibre sizes varied considerably within and between the individuals. In contrast, in the marathon runners, structural deviations of pathologic value appeared in four out of five subjects. The fibre shapes were irregular, irrespective of fibre type, and internal architectural changes were common. An increased amount of connective tissue was found. A majority of fibres showed one or more central nuclei. A few fibres were flat and there were also evidence of fibre type grouping. The divergent picture might be an expression of repeated fibre injury with subsequent processes. If so, a peripheral, relative, arterial insufficiency is suggested as a possible aetiology. However, it cannot be ruled out that the deviations express a functional adaptation to the extreme endurance demands.
从五名男性马拉松运动员和五名短跑运动员的股外侧肌获取肌肉活检样本。这些运动员在调查前至少两周进行了最后一场比赛。在这些跑步运动员中未观察到不适或损伤的临床体征。短跑运动员的活检标本显示出总体形态正常，尽管个体内部和个体之间的纤维大小差异很大。相比之下，在马拉松运动员中，五名受试者中有四名出现了具有病理学意义的结构偏差。无论纤维类型如何，纤维形状都不规则，内部结构变化很常见。发现结缔组织数量增加。大多数纤维显示一个或多个中央核。少数纤维扁平，也有纤维类型分组的证据。这种不同的情况可能是反复纤维损伤及后续过程的一种表现。如果是这样，提示外周相对动脉供血不足可能是病因。然而，不能排除这些偏差表示对极端耐力需求的功能适应。
