Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(17):21716-21732. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08707-2. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
Cities have turned to permeable pavements as one tool to mitigate the detrimental effects of urban runoff. Permeable pavements permit rainfall to infiltrate through a series of aggregate layers, where pollutants are filtered out before the water discharges via an underdrain or exfiltrates into native soils. This study reports on the water quality performance of a parking area retrofitted with permeable interlocking concrete pavement in Vermilion, OH, USA. The practice was constructed in 2015, received run-on from an asphalt traffic lane and was operational for 2 years before the onset of monitoring. During the 15-month monitoring period, the permeable pavement provided significant reductions of sediment and particulate nutrients, which were removed via filtration in the upper aggregate layers. Despite poorly draining underlying soils, runoff volumes were reduced by 26%, leading to significant load reductions for nearly all nutrient and heavy metals in the study. Seasonal variations in runoff and effluent composition were investigated, showing that restorative maintenance performed in spring and fall has the potential to further improve the treatment provided by the practice by removing entrained particulates from the upper aggregate layers and restoring the filtering capacity of the system. Correlation analyses revealed a first flush of particulate nitrogen species, as well as the potential occurrence of erosive flows within the aggregate subbase which resulted in elevated sediment concentrations during high intensity rain events. Results from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of permeable pavements several years after construction, even when design features to specifically improve treatment were not implemented and additional run-on is routed onto the pavement from adjacent impervious surfaces. Findings also highlight the importance of timely maintenance of these practices, which could further improve their performance by removing seasonally deposited pollutants throughout the year.
城市已经开始采用透水铺装作为减轻城市径流不利影响的一种手段。透水铺装允许雨水渗透通过一系列骨料层，在此过程中，污染物被过滤掉，然后通过地下排水系统或渗出到原生土壤中排放。本研究报告了美国俄亥俄州弗米利恩市一个透水联锁式混凝土停车场的水质表现。该设施于 2015 年建成，接收来自沥青交通车道的径流，并在开始监测之前运行了 2 年。在 15 个月的监测期间，透水铺装对泥沙和颗粒态养分具有显著的去除效果，这些污染物通过上层骨料层的过滤被去除。尽管底层土壤排水不良，但径流量减少了 26%，导致研究中几乎所有养分和重金属的负荷都显著降低。研究还调查了径流水和出水成分的季节性变化，表明春季和秋季进行的恢复性维护有可能通过从上层骨料层去除夹带的颗粒物质并恢复系统的过滤能力，进一步提高该设施的处理效果。相关分析显示，颗粒态氮物种存在初期冲刷现象，以及骨料基层内发生侵蚀性水流的可能性，这导致在高强度降雨事件中泥沙浓度升高。本研究的结果表明，透水铺装在建成数年后仍然有效，即使没有实施专门用于提高处理效果的设计特征，并且从相邻的不透水表面向路面输送了更多的径流。研究结果还强调了及时维护这些设施的重要性，这可以通过全年去除季节性沉积的污染物来进一步提高它们的性能。
