Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) comorbid with diabetes rather than OSAHS alone serves an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD).

BACKGROUND

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of metabolic diseases on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and explore the contributing factors.

METHODS

A total of 424 adult patients with OSAHS were included, and 20 patients with simple snoring syndrome served as controls. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria was diagnosed as CKD. The prevalence of CKD and the correlation between OSAHS comorbid with metabolic diseases and CKD were analyzed.

RESULTS

The prevalence of CKD in OSAHS patients was 25.5%, which was 5.1 times higher than that in patients with simple snoring syndrome (5.0%). The prevalence of CKD in OSAHS patients comorbid with metabolic diseases was 1.9 times higher than that in OSAHS patients without metabolic diseases (28.5% vs. 15.3%, P<0.05). OSAHS comorbid with diabetes rather than OSAHS alone was an independent risk factor for CKD [P=0.045, odds ratio (OR) =0.566, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.324-0.989]. In OSAHS patients with diabetes, the prevalence of CKD comorbid with 1 to 4 metabolic diseases was 25.0%, 34.4%, 43.2% and 66.7%, respectively. With the increase in the number of comorbidities of metabolic diseases, the prevalence of CKD gradually increased.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of CKD in OSAHS patients is relatively high. OSAHS comorbid with diabetes rather than OSAHS alone is an independent risk factor for CKD. The prevalence of CKD increases with the number of comorbidities of metabolic diseases.