Goldman Jennifer G, Guerra Carlos Manuel
Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
PRISMA Advanced Care Center for Parkinson's, movement disorders and Dementia, San Luis Potosi, México; Facutly of Psychology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí Sierra de las Cascadas 117, Lomas 4a seccion San Luis Potosí 78216, México.
Neurol Clin. 2020 May;38(2):269-292. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.12.003. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
Parkinson disease (PD) is well recognized by its motor features of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and gait and balance difficulties. However, PD is also characterized by a myriad of nonmotor symptoms, which may occur even before motor symptoms, early in the course of disease, and throughout the advancing disease. These nonmotor symptoms span multiple different systems, invoke multiple different neurotransmitters, and require multiple strategies for treatment including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions and, often, multiple different disciplines. This article discusses symptoms, assessments, and therapeutics for the nonmotor symptoms of PD including those affecting mood, cognition, behavior, sleep, autonomic function, and sensory systems.
帕金森病（PD）以运动迟缓、震颤、僵硬以及步态和平衡障碍等运动特征而广为人知。然而，PD 还具有众多非运动症状，这些症状甚至可能在运动症状出现之前、疾病进程早期以及疾病进展过程中就已出现。这些非运动症状涉及多个不同系统，涉及多种不同神经递质，并且需要多种治疗策略，包括药物和非药物干预，而且通常需要多个不同学科的参与。本文讨论了帕金森病非运动症状的症状、评估和治疗方法，包括那些影响情绪、认知、行为、睡眠、自主神经功能和感觉系统的症状。
