School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.
Int J Biometeorol. 2020 Aug;64(8):1423-1432. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-01910-3. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with heterogeneous aetiology mostly affecting younger people and causing immense disability. Seasonal patterns may be observed in schizophrenia hospital admissions with possible association with changing climatic parameters and socio-demographic characteristics. This study critically reviewed studies that have assessed seasonal variations of hospital admissions for schizophrenia and/or explored an association with climate parameters and/or other potential factors. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases (e.g. MEDLINE, Science Direct, PsycINFO, Pub Med) from inception to February 29, 2020. Thirty five papers were identified, of which only six (17.1%) examined evidence for a seasonal pattern or monthly excess of hospital admissions and the remaining twenty nine (82.9%) assessed climatic and socio-demographic attributes relating to the seasonal pattern or increased hospitalisation for schizophrenia. While most studies reported a summer peak in hospital admission rates, other studies reported a winter peak. Most of the evidence indicated that higher temperatures (> 28 °C) were positively correlated with schizophrenia admission rates. The individual effects of other climatic parameters (e.g. relative humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, sunlight) were less frequently assessed. Males, people of 21-60 years old, and those married were more vulnerable to climatic variability specifically to higher temperatures. Further studies using large sample sizes, analysis of a wide range of interacting environmental variables and sophisticated statistical approaches are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved. This will also provide more reliable statistical evidence that will help in the prevention and better management of cases.
精神分裂症是一种严重的神经精神疾病，病因复杂，多发生于年轻人，导致严重残疾。精神分裂症的住院人数可能存在季节性模式，与不断变化的气候参数和社会人口特征可能存在关联。本研究对评估精神分裂症住院季节性变化的研究进行了批判性回顾，并探讨了与气候参数和/或其他潜在因素的关联。根据 PRISMA 指南，使用电子数据库（如 MEDLINE、Science Direct、PsycINFO、Pub Med）从创建到 2020 年 2 月 29 日进行了系统文献检索。确定了 35 篇论文，其中只有 6 篇（17.1%）研究了季节性模式或精神分裂症住院月度超额的证据，其余 29 篇（82.9%）评估了与季节性模式或精神分裂症住院增加相关的气候和社会人口属性。虽然大多数研究报告了夏季住院率高峰，但其他研究报告了冬季高峰。大多数证据表明，较高的温度（>28°C）与精神分裂症入院率呈正相关。其他气候参数（如相对湿度、降雨量、大气压、阳光）的单独影响较少被评估。男性、21-60 岁的人群和已婚人群对气候变异性，特别是高温更敏感。需要进一步研究使用大样本量、分析广泛的相互作用环境变量和复杂的统计方法，以更好地了解所涉及的潜在机制。这也将提供更可靠的统计证据，有助于预防和更好地管理病例。
