Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Microb Pathog. 2020 Jul;144:104198. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104198. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
HTLV-1, the first human oncogenic retrovirus, is a type C retrovirus that belongs to the Deltaretrovirus genus. The HTLV-1 genome has 8.5 kbp length, and consists of major genes such as gag, pol, pro, env, and pX region. This retrovirus is considered as one of the most deadly infectious agent for peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The infection of HTLV-1 can lead to dangerous complications, such as infective dermatitis (ID), uveitis, arthritis, lymphadenitis, arthropathies, Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), and particularly HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or Adult T-Cell Leukemia Lymphoma (ATLL). At the moment, Zidovudine (AZT) plus IFN-α is the only treatment available for HTLV-1 infections. Based on scientific studies, alongside the therapeutic regimens, intrinsic mechanisms also play a determinant role in reducing the signs of disease. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, one of the most important checkpoints, has recently received interest, such as the development of a novel generation of anti-tumors. In the present study, we discuss the role of PD-1 signaling pathway in HTLV-1 infection as well as its application as a novel approach for treatment of HTLV-1 infections.
人类致癌逆转录病毒 1 型（HTLV-1）是一种 C 型逆转录病毒，属于δ逆转录病毒属。HTLV-1 基因组长 8.5kbp，由 gag、pol、pro、env 和 pX 区等主要基因组成。这种逆转录病毒被认为是外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）最致命的传染性病原体之一。HTLV-1 的感染可导致危险的并发症，如感染性皮炎（ID）、葡萄膜炎、关节炎、淋巴结炎、关节病、干燥综合征（SS），特别是 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫（HAM/TSP）或成人 T 细胞白血病淋巴瘤（ATLL）。目前，齐多夫定（AZT）联合 IFN-α 是治疗 HTLV-1 感染的唯一方法。基于科学研究，除了治疗方案外，内在机制也在减轻疾病症状方面发挥着决定性作用。程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）信号通路是最重要的检查点之一，最近受到关注，如开发新一代抗肿瘤药物。在本研究中，我们讨论了 PD-1 信号通路在 HTLV-1 感染中的作用及其作为治疗 HTLV-1 感染的新方法的应用。
