Shamsi Aziz, Peyravi Hamid
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Critical Care Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2020 Feb 19;34:8. doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.8. eCollection 2020.
Nursing shortage is an important and multifaceted challenge in the health systems and has reached a warning threshold. The factors associated with nursing shortage vary from country to country. Therefore, this study compared the causes of nursing shortage and suggested strategies to help resolve this concern both in Iran and in the world. To conduct this systematic review, search was done in English and Persian databases from 2000 to 2016. In the preliminary review, 537 articles were included in the study. After reviewing the titles, abstracts, objectives, and results of articles, 32 studies were finalized. The important causes of nursing shortage in the world included aging of the nursing workforce, inadequate admission and training of nurses, aging population, and job abandonment. However, the leading causes in Iran were unwillingness and lack of desire to enter and remain in the nursing field, job abandonment, inadequate salaries, low social status, and negative perception of nursing. Proposed strategies in the world are increasing the salaries, redesigning the work environment, improving the public's perspective, retaining the existing nursing workforce, and flexible work schedules. In Iran, these strategies include increasing salaries and recruitment, enhancing the public's perception of nursing, and supporting nursing organizations. Nursing shortage is a multifaceted concept with varying magnitudes in different countries. Therefore, the strategies to resolve nursing shortage should be based on the unique conditions of each country. The most important strategies to overcome nursing shortage in Iran are focused on the improving the retention of existing nursing workforce.
护理短缺是卫生系统中一个重要且多方面的挑战，并且已经达到了一个警示阈值。与护理短缺相关的因素因国家而异。因此，本研究比较了护理短缺的原因，并提出了有助于在伊朗乃至全球解决这一问题的策略。为进行这项系统评价，于2000年至2016年在英文和波斯文数据库中进行了检索。在初步筛选中，537篇文章被纳入研究。在对文章的标题、摘要、目的和结果进行审查后，最终确定了32项研究。全球护理短缺的重要原因包括护理人员队伍老龄化、护士招生和培训不足、人口老龄化以及职业倦怠。然而，伊朗的主要原因是不愿进入和留在护理领域、职业倦怠、薪资不足、社会地位低下以及对护理的负面看法。全球提出的策略包括提高薪资、重新设计工作环境、改善公众观念、留住现有护理人员队伍以及灵活的工作时间表。在伊朗，这些策略包括提高薪资和招聘、增强公众对护理的认知以及支持护理组织。护理短缺是一个多方面的概念，在不同国家程度各异。因此，解决护理短缺的策略应基于每个国家的独特情况。在伊朗，克服护理短缺的最重要策略集中在提高现有护理人员队伍的留存率上。
