Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Heredia, Costa Rica.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Apr 14;14(4):e0008235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008235. eCollection 2020 Apr.
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a major disease of cattle and humans worldwide distributed. Eradication and control of the disease has been difficult in Central and South America, Central Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Epidemiological strategies combined with phylogenetic methods provide the high-resolution power needed to study relationships between surveillance data and pathogen population dynamics, using genetic diversity and spatiotemporal distributions. This information is crucial for prevention and control of disease spreading at a local and worldwide level. In Costa Rica (CR), the disease was first reported at the beginning of the 20th century and has not been controlled despite many efforts. We characterized 188 B. abortus isolates from CR recovered from cattle, humans and water buffalo, from 2003 to 2018, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in 95 of them. They were also assessed based on geographic origin, date of introduction, and phylogenetic associations in a worldwide and national context. Our results show circulation of five B. abortus lineages (I to V) in CR, phylogenetically related to isolates from the United States, United Kingdom, and South America. Lineage I was dominant and probably introduced at the end of the 19th century. Lineage II, represented by a single isolate from a water buffalo, clustered with a Colombian sample, and was likely introduced after 1845. Lineages III and IV were likely introduced during the early 2000s. Fourteen isolates from humans were found within the same lineage (lineage I) regardless of their geographic origin within the country. The main CR lineages, introduced more than 100 years ago, are widely spread throughout the country, in contrast to new introductions that seemed to be more geographically restricted. Following the brucellosis prevalence and the farming practices of several middle- and low-income countries, similar scenarios could be found in other regions worldwide.
布鲁氏菌病由流产布鲁氏菌引起，是一种在全球范围内分布的重要牛病和人病。中美洲、南美洲、中亚、地中海和中东地区在根除和控制该病方面一直面临困难。流行病学策略结合系统发育方法，为研究监测数据与病原体种群动态之间的关系提供了高分辨率的能力，利用遗传多样性和时空分布。这些信息对于在地方和全球层面预防和控制疾病传播至关重要。在哥斯达黎加（CR），该疾病于 20 世纪初首次报告，但尽管做出了许多努力，仍未得到控制。我们从 2003 年至 2018 年从牛、人类和水牛中分离出 188 株 CR 的流产布鲁氏菌，对其中 95 株进行了全基因组测序（WGS）。我们还根据地理位置、引入日期和在全球和国家范围内的系统发育关联对它们进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明，在 CR 循环的有五个流产布鲁氏菌谱系（I 至 V），在系统发育上与来自美国、英国和南美洲的分离株相关。I 谱系占优势，可能在 19 世纪末引入。代表水牛中单一分离株的 II 谱系与哥伦比亚样本聚类，可能在 1845 年后引入。III 和 IV 谱系可能在 21 世纪初引入。14 个人类分离株来自该国境内同一谱系（I 谱系），无论其地理位置如何。主要的 CR 谱系，在 100 多年前引入，广泛分布在全国范围内，与新的引入情况形成鲜明对比，后者似乎在地理上更受限制。考虑到一些中低收入国家的布鲁氏菌病流行情况和农业实践，类似的情况可能在世界其他地区也存在。
