National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 15;11:1106361. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106361. eCollection 2023.
Brucellosis, a serious public health issue affecting animals and humans, is neglected in West Africa (WA).
In the present study, bio-typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) analysis were used to characterize the ) strains from WA.
All of the 309 strains analyzed in this study were extracted and downloaded from the international MLVA bank and were from 10 hosts (cattle, humans, ovine, buffalo, dromedaries, horse, sheep, zebu, dog, and cat) distributed in 17 countries in WA. Based on the bio-typing, three biovars, dominated by bv.3, were observed and reported across seven decades (1958-2019). With MLST, 129 strains from the present study were sorted into 14 STs, with ST34 as the predicted founder. These 14 STs clustered into the global MLST data into three clone complexes (C I-C III) with the majority of strains clustering in C I, while C II forms an independent branch, and C III harbors three STs shared by different continents. These data revealed that most cases were caused by strains from native lineages. According to the MLVA-11 comparison, 309 strains were divided into 22 MLVA-11 genotypes, 15 of which were unique to WA and the remaining seven had a global distribution. MLVA-16 analysis showed that there were no epidemiological links among these strains. Based on the MLVA data, strains from WA have high genetic diversity, and predominated genotypes were descended from a native lineage. While the MLVA-16 globally highlights that the dominant native and few introduced lineages (from Brazil, the USA, South Korea, Argentina, India, Italy, Portugal, the UK, Costa Rica, and China) co-driving the ongoing prevalence in WA. The high-resolution SNP analysis implied the existence of introduced lineages, which may be reasonably explained by the movement and trade of dominant hosts (cattle) and/or their products.
Our results indicated that strains in WA consist of native and introduced strains that necessitate control such as vaccination, testing, slaughtering, and movement control by the relevant country authorities to reduce brucellosis in livestock.
布鲁氏菌病是一种严重的动物和人类公共卫生问题，但在西非（WA）被忽视了。
本研究采用生物分型、多位点序列分型（MLST）、多位点可变数目串联重复分析（MLVA）和全基因组测序单核苷酸多态性（WGS-SNP）分析方法，对来自 WA 的菌株进行了特征描述。
本研究共分析了 309 株从国际 MLVA 银行提取和下载的菌株，这些菌株来自 WA 的 10 个宿主（牛、人、绵羊、水牛、骆驼、马、羊、瘤牛、狗和猫），分布在 17 个国家。基于生物分型，观察到并报告了三种生物型，主要由 bv.3 主导，跨越了七个十年（1958-2019）。通过 MLST，本研究中的 129 株菌株被分为 14 个 ST，ST34 被预测为原型。这 14 个 ST 聚类到全球 MLST 数据中三个克隆复合体（C I-C III）中，大多数菌株聚类在 C I 中，而 C II 形成一个独立的分支，C III 包含三个由不同大陆共享的 ST。这些数据表明，大多数病例是由来自本地谱系的菌株引起的。根据 MLVA-11 比较，309 株菌株被分为 22 种 MLVA-11 基因型，其中 15 种是 WA 特有的，其余 7 种在全球范围内分布。MLVA-16 分析表明，这些菌株之间没有流行病学联系。根据 MLVA 数据，WA 的菌株具有很高的遗传多样性，优势基因型源自本地谱系。而 MLVA-16 在全球范围内突出显示，主导的本地和少数引入的谱系（来自巴西、美国、韩国、阿根廷、印度、意大利、葡萄牙、英国、哥斯达黎加和中国）共同推动了 WA 目前的流行。高分辨率 SNP 分析表明存在引入的谱系，这可以通过主导宿主（牛）及其产品的流动和贸易得到合理解释。
我们的结果表明，WA 的布鲁氏菌菌株包括本地和引入的菌株，这需要相关国家当局采取控制措施，如接种疫苗、检测、屠宰和移动控制，以减少牲畜中的布鲁氏菌病。
