Hernández-Mora Gabriela, Ruiz-Villalobos Nazareth, Bonilla-Montoya Roberto, Romero-Zúniga Juan-José, Jiménez-Arias Julio, González-Barrientos Rocío, Barquero-Calvo Elías, Chacón-Díaz Carlos, Rojas Norman, Chaves-Olarte Esteban, Guzmán-Verri Caterina, Moreno Edgardo
Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal (SENASA), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182380. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182380. eCollection 2017.
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus is a major disease of cattle and a zoonosis. In order to estimate the bovine brucellosis prevalence in Costa Rica (CR), a total 765 herds (13078 bovines) from six regions of CR were randomly sampled during 2012-2013. A non-random sample of 7907 herds (532199 bovines) of the six regions, arriving for diagnoses during 2014-2016 to the Costa Rican Animal Health Service was also studied. The prevalence estimated by Rose Bengal test (RBT) ranged from 10.5%-11.4%; alternatively, the prevalence estimated by testing the RBT positives in iELISA, ranged from 4.1%-6.0%, respectively. However, cattle in CR are not vaccinated with B. abortus S19 but with RB51 (vaccination coverage close to 11%), and under these conditions the RBT displays 99% specificity and 99% sensitivity. Therefore, the RBT herd depicted in the random analysis stands as a feasible assessment and then, the recommended value in case of planning an eradication program in CR. Studies of three decades reveled that bovine brucellosis prevalence has increased in CR. B. abortus was identified by biochemical and molecular studies as the etiological agent of bovine brucellosis. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis-16 revealed four B. abortus clusters. Cluster one and three are intertwined with isolates from other countries, while clusters two and four have only representatives from CR. Cluster one is widely distributed in all regions of the country and may be the primary B. abortus source. The other clusters seem to be restricted to specific areas in CR. The implications of our findings, in relation to the control of the disease in CR, are critically discussed.
由流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病是牛的一种主要疾病，也是一种人畜共患病。为了估计哥斯达黎加（CR）牛布鲁氏菌病的流行情况，在2012 - 2013年期间，从CR的六个地区随机抽取了总共765个牛群（13078头牛）。还对2014 - 2016年期间到哥斯达黎加动物卫生服务局进行诊断的六个地区的7907个牛群（532199头牛）的非随机样本进行了研究。通过玫瑰红试验（RBT）估计的流行率在10.5% - 11.4%之间；另外，通过在间接酶联免疫吸附测定（iELISA）中检测RBT阳性来估计的流行率分别在4.1% - 6.0%之间。然而，CR的牛不接种流产布鲁氏菌S19疫苗，而是接种RB51疫苗（疫苗接种覆盖率接近11%），在这些条件下，RBT显示出99%的特异性和99%的敏感性。因此，随机分析中描述的RBT牛群是一种可行的评估方法，也是在CR规划根除计划时的推荐值。三十年的研究表明，CR的牛布鲁氏菌病流行率有所上升。通过生化和分子研究确定流产布鲁氏菌是牛布鲁氏菌病的病原体。多位点可变数目串联重复分析 - 16揭示了四个流产布鲁氏菌簇。簇一和簇三与来自其他国家的分离株相互交织，而簇二和簇四只在CR有代表菌株。簇一广泛分布于该国所有地区，可能是流产布鲁氏菌的主要来源。其他簇似乎局限于CR的特定区域。我们对这些发现与CR疾病控制相关的影响进行了批判性讨论。
