Cinnamon Jonathan, Jones Sarah K, Adger W Neil
Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
Department of Geography, King's College London, UK.
Geoforum. 2016 Oct;75:253-264. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.07.019. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
Global health threats such as the recent Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks require rapid and robust responses to prevent, reduce and recover from disease dispersion. As part of broader big data and digital humanitarianism discourses, there is an emerging interest in data produced through mobile phone communications for enhancing the data environment in such circumstances. This paper assembles user perspectives and critically examines existing evidence and future potential of mobile phone data derived from call detail records (CDRs) and two-way short message service (SMS) platforms, for managing and responding to humanitarian disasters caused by communicable disease outbreaks. We undertake a scoping review of relevant literature and in-depth interviews with key informants to ascertain the: (i) information that can be gathered from CDRs or SMS data; (ii) phase(s) in the disease disaster management cycle when mobile data may be useful; (iii) value added over conventional approaches to data collection and transfer; (iv) barriers and enablers to use of mobile data in disaster contexts; and (v) the social and ethical challenges. Based on this evidence we develop a of mobile phone data sources, types, and end-uses, and a - for mobile data use, designed to enable effective use of mobile data for disease disaster management. We show that mobile data holds great potential for improving the quality, quantity and timing of selected information required for disaster management, but that testing and evaluation of the benefits, constraints and limitations of mobile data use in a wider range of mobile-user and disaster contexts is needed to fully understand its utility, validity, and limitations.
近期埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒爆发等全球卫生威胁，需要迅速且有力的应对措施，以预防、减少疾病传播并从疾病扩散中恢复。作为更广泛的大数据和数字人道主义论述的一部分，人们开始对通过手机通信产生的数据产生兴趣，以改善此类情况下的数据环境。本文收集了用户观点，批判性地审视了来自通话详单记录（CDR）和双向短消息服务（SMS）平台的手机数据在管理和应对由传染病爆发引发的人道主义灾难方面的现有证据及未来潜力。我们对相关文献进行了范围界定审查，并对关键信息提供者进行了深入访谈，以确定：（i）可从CDR或短信数据中收集到的信息；（ii）疾病灾难管理周期中手机数据可能有用的阶段；（iii）相较于传统数据收集和传输方法的附加值；（iv）在灾难背景下使用手机数据的障碍和促进因素；以及（v）社会和伦理挑战。基于这些证据，我们制定了一个手机数据源、类型和最终用途的框架，以及一个手机数据使用的路线图，旨在有效利用手机数据进行疾病灾难管理。我们表明，手机数据在提高灾难管理所需特定信息的质量、数量和及时性方面具有巨大潜力，但需要在更广泛的移动用户和灾难背景下对手机数据使用的益处、限制和局限性进行测试和评估，以充分了解其效用、有效性和局限性。
