Bae Yooil, Joo Yu-Min, Won Soh-Yeon
School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, #04-96, 178903, Singapore.
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469B Bukit Timah Road #02-06, Level 2, Li Ka Shing Building, 259771, Singapore.
Habitat Int. 2016 Mar;52:50-56. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.027. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
Decentralized disaster governance has been gaining much attention with the rising global urbanization rate and the complex nature of the disasters occurring in densely urbanized areas today. This paper studies the case of South Korea, a highly urbanized country with relatively recent decentralization reforms, in order to analyze the evolution of its disaster management system and to draw out implications from its experience. Specifically, it traces the national-level institutional changes in its disaster management, and then closely examines a hydrofluoric gas leakage in the industrial city of Gumi. The finding is that South Korea simultaneously carried out both centralization and decentralization of disaster management, which are not contradictory but rather complementary. Nevertheless, while the country successfully set up an integrated and comprehensive national-level management system, from which disaster governance can successfully be decentralized to localities, it still requires much more developed and consolidated multilevel (vertical) and broader (horizontal) collaboration, which are the preconditions for decentralized disaster governance.
随着全球城市化率的不断提高以及当今人口密集的城市化地区灾害的复杂性，分散式灾害治理日益受到关注。本文以韩国为例进行研究，韩国是一个高度城市化且近期进行了分权改革的国家，旨在分析其灾害管理体系的演变并从其经验中得出启示。具体而言，它追溯了韩国灾害管理在国家层面的制度变化，然后仔细研究了工业城市龟尾发生的氢氟酸气体泄漏事件。研究结果表明，韩国在灾害管理方面同时进行了集权和分权，这两者并非相互矛盾，而是相辅相成的。尽管如此，该国虽成功建立了一个综合全面的国家层面管理体系，灾害治理也能成功下放至地方，但仍需要更为发达和巩固的多层次（纵向）和更广泛（横向）合作，而这是分散式灾害治理的前提条件。
