Chappell N L, Strain L A, Badger M
Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Compr Gerontol B. 1988 Aug;2(2):92-101.
This paper focuses on self-care, both expectations and actual behaviours, as health behaviour and as illness behaviour among a random sample of elderly individuals living in the community in a Canadian city (n = 743). The conceptualization of both health and illness behaviour follows Mechanic's (1,2) definition of illness behaviour as selective, interpretive, and evaluative. The data reveal a gap between intentions and behaviours, with elderly individuals de-emphasizing the importance of self-care and overemphasizing the importance of professional contact in their intentions compared with their behaviours. Further, self-care as health and as illness behaviour are uncorrelated with one another. Virtually all individuals engage in some health maintenance behaviours. Approximately two-thirds engage in self-care or do nothing as an initial response to common ailments. While different correlates emerge for each, health beliefs are significantly related, irrespective of whether it is health or illness behaviour.
本文聚焦于自我护理，包括期望和实际行为，将其作为健康行为和患病行为，研究对象是加拿大一个城市社区中随机抽取的老年人样本（n = 743）。健康行为和患病行为的概念化遵循Mechanic（1,2）对患病行为的定义，即具有选择性、解释性和评估性。数据显示意图与行为之间存在差距，与行为相比，老年人在意图上淡化了自我护理的重要性，而过度强调了与专业人员接触的重要性。此外，作为健康行为的自我护理和作为患病行为的自我护理彼此不相关。几乎所有个体都参与了一些健康维护行为。大约三分之二的人在面对常见疾病时，会采取自我护理或不采取任何措施作为初始应对方式。虽然每种行为的相关因素各不相同，但健康信念都与之显著相关，无论它是健康行为还是患病行为。
