Hoffmann Marcin, Skibicki Szymon, Pankratow Paweł, Zieliński Adam, Pajor Mirosław, Techman Mateusz
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Apr 11;13(8):1800. doi: 10.3390/ma13081800.
Developments in the automation of construction processes, observable in recent years, is focused on speeding up the construction of buildings and structures. Additive manufacturing using concrete mixes are among the most promising technologies in this respect. 3D concrete printing allows the building up of structure by extruding a mix layer by layer. However, the mix initially has low capacity to transfer loads, which can be particularly troublesome in cases of external components that need to be placed on top such as precast lintels or floor beams. This article describes the application of additive manufacturing technology in the fabrication of a building wall model, in which the door opening was finished with automatic lintel installation. The research adjusts the wall design and printing process, accounting for the rheological and mechanical properties of the fresh concrete, as well as design requirements of Eurocode. The article demonstrates that the process can be planned precisely and how the growth of stress in fresh concrete can be simulated, against the strength level developed. The conclusions drawn from this research will be of use in designing larger civil structures. Furthermore, the adverse effects of concrete shrinkage on structures is also presented, together with appropriate methods of control.
近年来，建筑过程自动化的发展主要集中在加快建筑物和结构的建设速度上。在这方面，使用混凝土混合料的增材制造是最具前景的技术之一。3D混凝土打印通过逐层挤出混合料来构建结构。然而，混合料最初的承载能力较低，对于需要放置在顶部的外部部件，如预制过梁或楼板梁，这可能会带来特别麻烦的问题。本文描述了增材制造技术在建筑墙体模型制造中的应用，其中门洞通过自动安装过梁完成。该研究根据新拌混凝土的流变学和力学性能以及欧洲规范的设计要求，调整了墙体设计和打印工艺。本文展示了该过程如何能够精确规划，以及如何针对已发展的强度水平模拟新拌混凝土中应力的增长。从这项研究中得出的结论将有助于设计更大的土木结构。此外，还介绍了混凝土收缩对结构的不利影响以及相应的控制方法。
