Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Apr 11;12(4):247. doi: 10.3390/toxins12040247.
The increasing frequency of episodes of harmful algal blooms of cyanobacterial origin is a risk to ecosystems and human health. The main human hazard may arise from drinking water supply and recreational water use. For this reason, efficient multiclass analytical methods are needed to assess the level of cyanotoxins in water reservoirs and tackle these problems. This work describes the development of a fast, sensitive, and robust analytical method for multiclass cyanotoxins determination based on dual solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure using a polymeric cartridge, Oasis HLB (Waters Corporation, USA), and a graphitized non-porous carbon cartridge, Supelclean ENVI-Carb (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-HRMS). This method enabled the analysis of cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, nodularin, and seven microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LW, MC-LF). The method limits of detection (MLOD) of the validated approach were between 4 and 150 pg/L. The analytical method was applied to assess the presence of the selected toxins in 21 samples collected in three natural water reservoirs in the Ter River in Catalonia (NE of Spain) used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain).
蓝藻源性有害藻华事件的发生频率不断增加，对生态系统和人类健康构成了威胁。主要的人类危害可能来自饮用水供应和娱乐用水。出于这个原因，需要高效的多类别分析方法来评估水库中蓝藻毒素的水平，并解决这些问题。本工作描述了一种快速、灵敏、稳健的多类别蓝藻毒素分析方法的开发，该方法基于双重固相萃取（SPE）程序，使用聚合物柱 Oasis HLB（美国沃特世公司）和石墨化无孔碳柱 Supelclean ENVI-Carb（密苏里州圣路易斯 Sigma-Aldrich），随后进行超高效液相色谱高分辨率质谱（SPE-UHPLC-HRMS）分析。该方法能够分析柱孢藻毒素、anatoxin-a、 nodularin 和七种微囊藻毒素（MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-LA、MC-LY、MC-LW、MC-LF）。经验证的方法的检测限（MLOD）在 4 至 150 pg/L 之间。该分析方法应用于评估在西班牙东北部加泰罗尼亚的特罗河三个天然水库中采集的 21 个样本中选定毒素的存在情况，这些水库用于为巴塞罗那市（西班牙）生产饮用水。
