Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 2020 Aug;48(6):1073-1088. doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01033-5.
Two of the best known eponymous phenomena in memory research were carried out as dissertations in the same era at the same university, each supervised by an influential researcher working within the Gestalt framework. Both examined the influence of unexpected events on memory. Bluma Zeigarnik (Psychologische Forschung, 9, 1-85, 1927) first reported that memory is better for interrupted tasks than for completed tasks, a phenomenon long known as the Zeigarnik effect. Hedwig von Restorff (Psychologische Forschung, 18, 299-342, 1933) first reported that memory is better for isolated than for non-isolated pieces of information, a phenomenon long known as the von Restorff effect. In this article, I present: (1) a biographical sketch of the researcher behind each phenomenon, (2) a description of their dissertation research, and (3) an evaluation of the current status of each phenomenon.
在记忆研究中，有两个最为人熟知的同名现象都是在同一时代、同一所大学，由两位在格式塔框架内工作的有影响力的研究人员以论文的形式进行研究的。这两项研究都考察了意外事件对记忆的影响。布吕玛·蔡加尼克（Bluma Zeigarnik）在《心理学研究》（Psychologische Forschung）第 9 卷第 1-85 页（1927 年）首次报告说，中断任务的记忆比完成任务的记忆要好，这种现象长期以来被称为蔡加尼克效应。海德维希·冯·雷斯托夫（Hedwig von Restorff）在《心理学研究》第 18 卷第 299-342 页（1933 年）首次报告说，孤立的信息比非孤立的信息记忆更好，这种现象长期以来被称为冯·雷斯托夫效应。在本文中，我将介绍：（1）每个现象背后的研究人员的生平简介，（2）他们的论文研究的描述，以及（3）对每个现象的现状评估。
