Bireta Tamra J, Surprenant Aimée M, Neath Ian
Psychology Department, Social Sciences Building, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ 08628, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Mar;61(3):345-52. doi: 10.1080/17470210701626608.
When one item is made distinct from the other items in a list, memory for the distinctive item is improved, a finding known as the isolation or von Restorff effect (after von Restorff, 1933). Although demonstrated numerous times with younger adults and children, this effect has not been found with older adults (Cimbalo & Brink, 1982). In contrast to the earlier study, we obtained a significant von Restorff effect for both younger and older adults using a physical manipulation of font colour. The effect size for older adults was smaller than that obtained for younger adults, confirming a prediction of Naveh-Benjamin's (2000) associative deficit hypothesis, which attributes age-related differences in memory performance to older adults' reduced ability to form associations. The findings are consistent with related research in which older adults demonstrate similar--but smaller--benefits for distinctive information to those for younger adults.
当列表中的一个项目与其他项目区分开来时，对该独特项目的记忆会得到改善，这一发现被称为孤立效应或冯·雷斯托夫效应（以冯·雷斯托夫，1933年命名）。尽管在年轻人和儿童中已被多次证明，但在老年人中尚未发现这种效应（辛巴洛和布林克，1982年）。与早期研究不同，我们通过对字体颜色进行物理操作，在年轻人和老年人中都获得了显著的冯·雷斯托夫效应。老年人的效应量小于年轻人的效应量，这证实了纳韦-本杰明（2000年）的联想缺陷假说的一个预测，该假说将记忆表现中的年龄相关差异归因于老年人形成联想的能力下降。这些发现与相关研究一致，在相关研究中，老年人对独特信息的受益与年轻人相似，但程度较小。
