Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2020 Jan;84(1):7127. doi: 10.5688/ajpe7127.
To provide an overview of autoethnography as a valuable qualitative methodology in the human and health sciences and to endorse its use to answer meaningful research questions in pharmacy education and assist with the preparation of person-centered pharmacists. Today, pharmacists must participate in the health care system as care providers rather than simply drug dispensers. The call for change, which began with the evolution of clinical pharmacy and continued with the introduction of pharmaceutical care practice in the 1990s, is still proving to be dramatic for the profession. Thus, new problems are surfacing demanding new types of research questions and new ways of answering them. Autoethnography is a qualitative methodology that combines the principles of ethnography and autobiography in a way that highlights researchers' reflexivity and subjectivity. The paper describes autoethnography, its diverse forms (eg, evocative or analytical), the process of producing it, and associated standards of high-quality work. It presents autoethnographies carried out in health care research as well as in pharmacy, pointing to the usefulness of this methodology to produce meaningful investigations that can enrich the preparation of future pharmacists and advance the profession. Autoethnography is gaining recognition in many disciplines in health care. Even though it is still incipient in pharmacy, autoethnography can expand pharmacy students' and pharmacists' consciousness regarding their own situation and open the possibility for pursuing research that might enhance the lives of others and themselves.
为了全面介绍民族志方法作为人文科学和健康科学中一种有价值的定性研究方法，并支持其在药学教育中的应用，以回答有意义的研究问题，并协助培养以患者为中心的药师。如今，药师必须作为医疗保健提供者参与医疗保健系统，而不仅仅是药物分发者。这种转变的呼吁始于临床药学的发展，并在 20 世纪 90 年代随着药物治疗实践的引入而持续至今，这对该专业来说仍然是一个巨大的挑战。因此，新的问题不断出现，需要新类型的研究问题和新的方法来回答。民族志方法是一种定性研究方法，它将民族志和自传的原则结合在一起，突出了研究人员的反思性和主观性。本文介绍了民族志方法，包括其多样化的形式（如唤起式或分析式）、产生过程以及高质量工作的相关标准。本文还介绍了在医疗保健研究以及药学领域中进行的民族志方法研究，指出了这种方法在进行有意义的研究方面的有效性，这些研究可以丰富未来药师的培养，并推动该专业的发展。民族志方法在医疗保健领域的许多学科中得到了认可。尽管在药学中还处于初期阶段，但民族志方法可以提高药学学生和药师对自身情况的认识，并为追求可能改善他人和自己生活的研究提供可能性。
