2018 年埃塞俄比亚提格雷州代古梅本地区 1-9 岁儿童活动性沙眼的患病率及相关因素：社区横断面研究。
Prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among 1-9 years old children in Deguatemben, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018: community cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.BOX:1871, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 15;20(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01394-0.
BACKGROUND
Trachoma is a contagious infection of the eye. World Health Organization recommended three rounds of mass drug administration in districts where the prevalence of trachomatous follicular (TF) is ≥10% in children aged 1-9 years. Mass drug distribution was given to residents for three consecutive years with more than 90% coverage. However, the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma in the study community after the intervention was not yet determined. Thus, this deals with the prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years.
METHODS
We conducted a Community based cross-sectional study among 502 children aged 1-9 in March 2018 in Deguatemben. A multi-stage sampling technique was applied. Selected children were examined for trachoma using 2.5x binocular loupe and graded based on the WHO simplified grading system. Mothers were interviewed for factors associated with trachoma using a structured questionnaire. Data was entered on Epi-Info and exported to SPSS for analysis. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a p-value < 0.05 for the final model.
RESULTS
The prevalence of active trachoma was found 21.5% (95% CI: 17.8-25.1%). Being 1 to 4 years old [AOR (95% CI) = 6.81(2.00-23.11)], not washing face [AOR (95% CI) =9.31(1.13-77.66)], not using soap [AOR (95% CI) =5.84(1.87-18.21)], unclean face [AOR(95% CI) = 18.22(4.93-69.32)] and mother's knowledge [AOR (95% CI) =0.06(0.02-0.19)] were found as independent predictors.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence declined from the baseline, but it is still a public health problem in the district. Personal-related factors were found to be associated with the disease. Health education of "Facial cleanness" and related factors is recommended to increase knowledge of the mothers on their children's care in addition to the provision of antibiotics.
背景
沙眼是一种传染性眼部感染。世界卫生组织建议在儿童沙眼滤泡（TF）患病率≥10%的地区进行三轮大规模药物治疗。连续三年为居民提供大规模药物分发，覆盖率超过 90%。然而，干预后研究社区中活动性沙眼的流行率及其相关因素尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在确定 1-9 岁儿童中活动性沙眼的流行率及其相关因素。
方法
我们于 2018 年 3 月在德盖特本进行了一项社区为基础的横断面研究，共有 502 名 1-9 岁儿童参与。采用多阶段抽样技术。使用 2.5 倍双目放大镜对选定的儿童进行沙眼检查，并根据世界卫生组织简化分级系统进行分级。采用结构化问卷对母亲进行与沙眼相关的因素访谈。数据在 Epi-Info 上输入，然后导出到 SPSS 进行分析。最终模型采用描述性和推断性分析，置信区间为 95%（CI），p 值<0.05。
结果
活动性沙眼的患病率为 21.5%（95%CI：17.8-25.1%）。1-4 岁（AOR（95%CI）=6.81（2.00-23.11））、不洗脸（AOR（95%CI）=9.31（1.13-77.66））、不使用肥皂（AOR（95%CI）=5.84（1.87-18.21））、面部不洁（AOR（95%CI）=18.22（4.93-69.32））和母亲的知识（AOR（95%CI）=0.06（0.02-0.19））是独立的预测因素。
结论
患病率虽较基线有所下降，但仍是该地区的一个公共卫生问题。个人相关因素与该疾病有关。建议开展“面部清洁”健康教育及相关因素教育，提高母亲对儿童护理的认识，除提供抗生素外，还应开展相关教育。
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