Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Trends Genet. 2020 May;36(5):360-372. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.011. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Cell size is fundamental to cell physiology because it sets the scale of intracellular geometry, organelles, and biosynthetic processes. In animal cells, size homeostasis is controlled through two phenomenologically distinct mechanisms. First, size-dependent cell cycle progression ensures that smaller cells delay cell cycle progression to accumulate more biomass than larger cells prior to cell division. Second, size-dependent cell growth ensures that larger and smaller cells grow slower per unit mass than more optimally sized cells. This decade has seen dramatic progress in single-cell technologies establishing the diverse phenomena of cell size control in animal cells. Here, we review this recent progress and suggest pathways forward to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms.
细胞大小是细胞生理学的基础，因为它决定了细胞内几何形状、细胞器和生物合成过程的规模。在动物细胞中，大小的动态平衡是通过两种在现象上明显不同的机制来控制的。首先，大小依赖性的细胞周期进程确保较小的细胞在细胞分裂前延迟细胞周期进程，以积累比较大的细胞更多的生物量。其次，大小依赖性的细胞生长确保较大和较小的细胞每单位质量的生长速度比更理想大小的细胞慢。在过去的十年中，单细胞技术取得了显著的进展，确立了动物细胞中细胞大小控制的多种现象。在这里，我们回顾了这一最新进展，并提出了确定潜在分子机制的前进道路。
