Cruz Alex Ruben H DE LA, Ayuque Rodolfo Franklin O, Cruz Rony William H DE LA, López-Gonzales Javier L, Gioda Adriana
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marques de São Vicente 225, Gávea, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Universidad Peruana Unión, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Carretera Central Km 19.5, Ñaña, Perú.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2020 Apr 9;92(1):e20180813. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180813. eCollection 2020.
The air quality and distribution of trace elements in a metropolitan area of the Peruvian Andes were evaluated using transplanted epiphytic Tillandsia capillaris as biomonitors. Biomonitors were collected from the non-contaminated area and exposed to five sites with different types of contamination for three months in 2017. After exposure, the content of twenty-one elements were determined by ICP-MS analysis. Datasets were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, exposed-to-baseline (EB), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed significant differences among sampling sites for several elements. According to EF ratios for Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn EB ratios value greater than 1.75 were found around urban areas, indicating anthropogenic influence, which can be attributed to vehicular sources. The highest values of As and Cd were found in areas of agricultural practices, therefore their presence could be related to the employment of agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and phosphate fertilizers). HCA shows that most elements come from vehicular sources and lower from agricultural and natural sources.
利用移植的附生细叶铁兰作为生物监测器，对秘鲁安第斯山脉一个大都市地区的空气质量和微量元素分布进行了评估。生物监测器从无污染地区采集，于2017年在五个不同污染类型的地点暴露三个月。暴露后，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱分析测定21种元素的含量。数据集通过单因素方差分析、暴露与基线（EB）、层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）进行评估。结果显示，几个元素在采样点之间存在显著差异。根据钡、铬、铜、铅、锑和锌的富集系数，在城市周边地区发现EB比值大于1.75，表明存在人为影响，这可能归因于车辆排放源。在农业活动区域发现砷和镉的含量最高，因此它们的存在可能与农用化学品（农药、除草剂和磷肥）的使用有关。层次聚类分析表明，大多数元素来自车辆排放源，来自农业和自然源的较少。
