《西班牙语学龄儿童日常生活活动评估的新方法：初步心理测量学研究》
A New Assessment for Activities of Daily Living in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Preliminary Study of its Psychometric Properties.
机构信息
Department of Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 13;17(8):2673. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082673.
BACKGROUND
Activities of daily living (ADL), which are divided into basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL), allows us to survive and to live in the society. Cognitive skills are a key aspect in BADL outcomes. After reviewing existing BADL tools for Spanish schoolchildren, issues such as not covering the full age range or not having a BADL-centred vision were found. We aim to develop a new tool for BADL assessment in Spanish schoolchildren.
METHODS
The new tool was administered to 375 participants (47.2% boys and 52.8% girls) from 6 to 12 years of age. Analyses were carried out to find out the structure (semiconfirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (ordinal alpha) of BADL.
RESULTS
Four scales formed the instrument (Eating, Personal Hygiene, Getting Dressed, and General Functioning) with an interpretable solution of 12 factors (Manual Dexterity, Proprioception, Oral Sensitivity, Good Manners, Hygiene and Grooming, Toileting Needs Communication, Bladder and Bowel Control, Showering, Independent Dressing Tasks, Full Dressing, Executive Functions, and Self-Regulation) with 84 items + 6 qualitative items for girls. The reliability values obtained were acceptable (.70-.88).
CONCLUSIONS
The tool seems to be a practical and reliable instrument to assess BADL and cognitive skills during BADL in Spanish schoolchildren.
背景
日常生活活动（ADL）可分为基本日常生活活动（BADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL），使我们能够在社会中生存和生活。认知技能是 BADL 结果的一个关键方面。在回顾了现有的西班牙语学龄儿童 BADL 工具后，发现了一些问题，例如未涵盖完整的年龄范围或没有以 BADL 为中心的视角。我们旨在为西班牙学龄儿童开发一种新的 BADL 评估工具。
方法
新工具对 375 名参与者（47.2%男孩和 52.8%女孩）进行了评估，年龄在 6 至 12 岁之间。进行了分析以确定 BADL 的结构（半确认性因素分析）和内部一致性（有序阿尔法）。
结果
该工具由四个量表组成（进食、个人卫生、穿衣和一般功能），有 12 个可解释的因素（手的灵巧性、本体感觉、口腔敏感性、礼貌、卫生和修饰、如厕需求沟通、膀胱和肠道控制、洗澡、独立穿衣任务、完整穿衣、执行功能和自我调节），包含 84 个项目+6 个女孩的定性项目。获得的可靠性值是可以接受的（.70-.88）。
结论
该工具似乎是一种实用且可靠的工具，可用于评估西班牙学龄儿童的 BADL 和认知技能。
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