Ma Geng, Kang Juan, Wang Jiarui, Chen Yulu, Lu Hongfang, Wang Lifang, Wang Chenyang, Xie Yingxin, Ma Dongyun, Kang Guozhang
College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Mar 31;11:506. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00506. eCollection 2020.
The influence of water and nitrogen (N) management on wheat have been investigated, but studies on the impact of long-term interactive water and N management on microbial structure and function are limited. Soil chemical properties and plants determine the soil microbial communities whose functions involved in nutrient cycling may affect plant productivity. There is an urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms to optimize these microbial communities for agricultural sustainability in the winter wheat production area of the North China Plain. We performed high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene on soil from a 7-year-old stationary field experiment to investigate the response of bacterial communities and function to water and N management. It was observed that water and N management significantly influenced wheat growth, soil properties and bacterial diversity. N application caused a significant decrease in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and both Richness and Shannon diversity indices, in the absence of irrigation. Irrigation led to an increase in the relative abundance of Planctomycetes, Latescibacteria, Anaerolineae, and Chloroflexia. In addition, most bacterial taxa were correlated with soil and plant properties. Some functions related to carbohydrate transport, transcription, inorganic ion transport and lipid transport were enriched in irrigation treatment, while N enriched predicted functions related to amino acid transport and metabolism, signal transduction, and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. Understanding the impact of N application and irrigation on the structure and function of soil bacteria is important for developing strategies for sustainable wheat production. Therefore, concurrent irrigation and N application may improve wheat yield and help to maintain those ecosystem functions that are driven by the soil microbial community.
水氮管理对小麦的影响已得到研究，但长期水氮交互管理对微生物结构和功能影响的研究有限。土壤化学性质和植物决定了土壤微生物群落，其参与养分循环的功能可能影响植物生产力。迫切需要阐明潜在机制，以优化这些微生物群落，实现华北平原冬小麦产区的农业可持续发展。我们对一个为期7年的定位田间试验土壤进行了16S rRNA基因的高通量测序和定量PCR，以研究细菌群落及其功能对水氮管理的响应。结果表明，水氮管理显著影响小麦生长、土壤性质和细菌多样性。在不灌溉的情况下，施氮导致操作分类单元（OTU）数量、丰富度和香农多样性指数显著下降。灌溉使浮霉菌门、隐秘杆菌门、厌氧绳菌纲和绿弯菌纲的相对丰度增加。此外，大多数细菌类群与土壤和植物性质相关。与碳水化合物转运、转录、无机离子转运和脂质转运相关的一些功能在灌溉处理中富集，而氮素则富集了与氨基酸转运和代谢、信号转导以及细胞壁/膜/包膜生物合成相关的预测功能。了解施氮和灌溉对土壤细菌结构和功能的影响对于制定可持续小麦生产策略很重要。因此，同时进行灌溉和施氮可能提高小麦产量，并有助于维持由土壤微生物群落驱动的那些生态系统功能。
