Di Miceli Mathieu, Bosch-Bouju Clémentine, Layé Sophie
INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Apr 17:1-16. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120000129.
PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 families are present in high concentration in the brain where they are major components of cell membranes. The main forms found in the brain are DHA (22 :6, n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6). In the past century, several studies pinpointed that modifications of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in the brain through dietary supply or genetic means are linked to the alterations of synaptic function. Yet, synaptopathies emerge as a common characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases and some neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action underlying the activity of PUFA at the level of synapses is thus of high interest. In this frame, dietary supplementation in PUFA aiming at restoring or promoting the optimal function of synapses appears as a promising strategy to treat synaptopathies. This paper reviews the link between dietary PUFA, synapse formation and the role of PUFA and their metabolites in synaptic functions.
n-3和n-6家族的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）在大脑中以高浓度存在，它们是细胞膜的主要成分。在大脑中发现的主要形式是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6，n-3）和花生四烯酸（20:4，n-6）。在过去的一个世纪里，几项研究指出，通过饮食供应或基因手段改变大脑中n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸水平与突触功能的改变有关。然而，突触病变是神经发育障碍、神经精神疾病和一些神经退行性疾病的共同特征。因此，了解多不饱和脂肪酸在突触水平的作用机制具有很高的研究价值。在此框架下，通过饮食补充多不饱和脂肪酸以恢复或促进突触的最佳功能似乎是治疗突触病变的一种有前景的策略。本文综述了饮食中的多不饱和脂肪酸、突触形成之间的联系，以及多不饱和脂肪酸及其代谢产物在突触功能中的作用。
