The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1244:1-36. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-41008-7_1.
Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and cross-talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
肿瘤作为一个复杂的结构网络存在，具有进化和逃避宿主免疫监视机制的能力。免疫微环境包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、B 细胞和 T 细胞，存在于肿瘤的核心、浸润边缘或相邻的基质或淋巴成分中。免疫浸润是异质的，在患者内部和同一肿瘤组织学的患者之间存在差异。肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的位置、密度、功能和相互作用影响癌症患者的免疫反应性质、预后和治疗结果。因此，了解免疫细胞的特征及其在肿瘤免疫监视中的作用对于确定免疫靶点和开发新型免疫治疗方法以对抗癌症至关重要。在本章中，我们概述了人类免疫系统的各个组成部分以及预测性生物标志物的转化相关性。
