Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jul;27(19):23793-23800. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08321-2. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
The present experimental work was conducted at different sites of district Bhakkar, a semiarid region of Pakistan, to assess whether the goats are suffering nickel deficiency or toxicity and what are the possible seasonal effects on the availability and translocation of nickel in food chain. A total of 27 forage and 320 goats according to four physiological stages [does (she goat), bucks (he goat), wether (castrated), juvenile (6 month)] were recruited for this study. To fulfill this objective, soil, forage, blood plasma, urine, and feces samples were collected in 4 seasons of the year at 2 sites and were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for nickel concentration. Different indices BCF, EF, and PLI were also studied to check the metal transfer. The results showed that sites had significant (P < 0.05) effect on nickel concentration in soil, forage, and goats. On the other hand, season and site x season had nonsignificant (P > 0.05) effects on nickel level in soil and goats. The soil (0.68-0.71 mg kg), forage (3.41-3.70 mg/kg), and blood (0.21-0.28 mg/l) level was lower than the permissible limits, while feces (0.57-1.34 mg/kg) and urine (0.35-1.32 mg/l) had enough concentration of nickel. Sources showed significant (P < 0.05) effects on Ni level in all stages of goats. All stages of goats except Wether (castrated) showed low level of nickel in blood. Most fluctuations in nickel concentration were observed in (S1) summer (low) and spring (S4) (high) season as a whole, while overall site 2 had high level of nickel than site 1. Thus, nickel showed deficiency in soil, forage, as well as in all stages of goats except wether goats. Nickel containing mineral mixtures are essential for does (she goat), bucks (he goat), and juveniles (6 months old), so application of Ni containing fertilizers to the soil and forage of that region and supplementation of Ni mineral mixture for grazing ruminants should be done.
本实验在巴基斯坦半干旱地区巴克尔区的不同地点进行，以评估山羊是否患有镍缺乏症或镍中毒，以及镍在食物链中的有效性和迁移性是否可能受到季节性的影响。总共招募了 27 份饲料和 320 只山羊，根据四个生理阶段[母羊（she goat）、公羊（he goat）、去势公羊（castrated）、幼羊（6 个月）]进行了本研究。为了实现这一目标，在一年中的 4 个季节在 2 个地点采集土壤、饲料、血浆、尿液和粪便样本，并通过原子吸收分光光度计分析镍浓度。还研究了不同的指数 BCF、EF 和 PLI，以检查金属转移。结果表明，地点对土壤、饲料和山羊中镍浓度有显著影响（P<0.05）。另一方面，季节和地点 x 季节对土壤和山羊中的镍水平没有显著影响（P>0.05）。土壤（0.68-0.71mg/kg）、饲料（3.41-3.70mg/kg）和血液（0.21-0.28mg/l）中的镍含量低于允许值，而粪便（0.57-1.34mg/kg）和尿液（0.35-1.32mg/l）中的镍含量足够高。来源对所有阶段的山羊的 Ni 水平都有显著影响（P<0.05）。除去势公羊（castrated）外，所有阶段的山羊血液中镍含量都较低。镍浓度的最大波动是整个夏季（S1）（低）和春季（S4）（高），而整个 2 号地点的镍含量高于 1 号地点。因此，土壤、饲料以及除去势公羊外的所有阶段的山羊均表现出镍缺乏。含镍矿物质混合物对母羊、公羊和幼羊（6 个月）是必不可少的，因此，应向该地区的土壤和饲料中施用含镍肥料，并为放牧反刍动物补充镍矿物质混合物。
