Espinosa-García Claudia, Fuentes-Venado Claudia Erika, Guerra-Araiza Christian, Segura-Uribe Julia, Chávez-Gutiérrez Edwin, Farfán-García Eunice Dalet, Estrada Cruz Norma Angélica, Pinto-Almazán Rodolfo
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular en Enfermedades Metabólicas y Neurodegenerativas, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico.
Eur J Neurosci. 2020 Jul;52(1):2724-2736. doi: 10.1111/ejn.14751. Epub 2020 Jun 28.
The metabolic syndrome includes changes in blood glucose levels, arterial hypertension, triglycerides, dyslipidemia and central obesity. Countless reports have described the correlation between the metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. However, only a few reports have assessed cognitive impairment associated with the metabolic syndrome in animals of both sexes. For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were fed either with a hypercaloric diet as model of the metabolic syndrome or with a standard chow diet as controls. Subsequently, spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze) as well as short- and long-term memory (passive avoidance task) were evaluated. Body weight, blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol significantly increased (F(1, 36) = 94.89, p < .001) in rats fed with hypercaloric diet compared to control rats. Furthermore, cognitive impairment was observed in spatial learning and spatial memory on male rats but not on female rats fed with hypercaloric diet. In addition, a long-term memory impairment was observed in both groups fed with hypercaloric diet in comparison to their respective control group (F(1, 32) = 10.61, p = .0027). Immunohistochemistry results showed no changes in the number of positive cells for NeuN, GFAP and Ox-42. In males fed with a hypercaloric diet, a decrease in testosterone levels was observed, whereas estradiol levels decreased in females when compared with their respective control group (p < .0001). In this MetS animal model, metabolic and cognitive differences were observed in males and females, which demonstrates that sex hormones play a significant role in metabolic regulation and neuroprotection related to the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
代谢综合征包括血糖水平变化、动脉高血压、甘油三酯、血脂异常和中心性肥胖。无数报告描述了代谢综合征与认知障碍之间的相关性。然而，只有少数报告评估了代谢综合征在两性动物中与认知障碍的关联。为此，将斯普拉格-道利雄性和雌性大鼠分别喂食高热量饮食作为代谢综合征模型或标准饲料作为对照。随后，评估空间学习和记忆（莫里斯水迷宫）以及短期和长期记忆（被动回避任务）。与对照大鼠相比，喂食高热量饮食的大鼠体重、血压、甘油三酯和总胆固醇显著增加（F(1, 36) = 94.89, p <.001）。此外，在喂食高热量饮食的雄性大鼠中观察到空间学习和空间记忆方面的认知障碍，但雌性大鼠未出现。此外，与各自对照组相比，两组喂食高热量饮食的大鼠均出现长期记忆障碍（F(1, 32) = 10.61, p =.0027）。免疫组织化学结果显示NeuN、GFAP和Ox-42阳性细胞数量没有变化。与各自对照组相比，喂食高热量饮食的雄性大鼠睾酮水平降低，而雌性大鼠雌二醇水平降低（p <.0001）。在这个代谢综合征动物模型中，观察到雄性和雌性在代谢和认知方面存在差异，这表明性激素在与海马体CA1区相关的代谢调节和神经保护中起重要作用。
