Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2020 May;88:102929. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102929. Epub 2020 Jan 16.
Donkey (Equus asinus), the cheapest form of agricultural power in Egypt, is used principally as draught or pack animals and may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling, and other work. The aim of the present study was to provide B-mode and M-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of population of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics. In the present study, B-mode and 2-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography were performed on 44 clinically healthy donkeys (E. asinus) (22 males and 22 females), without any neither clinical nor echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular diseases, aged 2-25 year old, and weighed 150-350 kg. The echocardiographic dimensions, including interventricular septum thickness at end diastole, interventricular septum thickness at end systole, left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole were assessed. The cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening were also measured. B-mode and guided M-mode echocardiographic examination of healthy donkeys revealed that both the interventricular septum thickness and the left ventricular posterior free wall were greater during systole than diastole. However, the left ventricular dimension during diastole was greater than systole. Furthermore, the recorded data of cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening using B-mode echocardiography were closer to those recorded by guided M-mode echocardiography. To our knowledge, this is the first Egyptian study to report the echocardiographic reference ranges of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation. The results of the present study can be used as standard and reference values for further echocardiographic studies in donkeys and represent a step in the identification, interpretation, and evaluation of cardiovascular disorders in such animals.
驴（Equus asinus）是埃及最便宜的农业动力形式，主要用作牵引或驮畜，也可以骑行，或用于脱粒、提水、碾磨和其他工作。本研究的目的是根据概率论和统计学，为驴（E. asinus）种群提供基于 B 型和 M 型超声心动图的参考范围。在本研究中，对 44 头临床健康的驴（E. asinus）（22 头雄性和 22 头雌性）进行了 B 型和二维引导 M 型超声心动图检查，这些驴既没有心血管疾病的临床或超声心动图证据，年龄为 2-25 岁，体重为 150-350kg。评估了超声心动图的尺寸，包括舒张末期室间隔厚度、收缩末期室间隔厚度、舒张末期左室内径、收缩末期左室内径、舒张末期左室后壁厚度和收缩末期左室后壁厚度。还测量了心脏功能指数，包括舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、每搏输出量、射血分数和缩短分数。对健康驴的 B 型和引导 M 型超声心动图检查显示，室间隔和左室后壁在收缩期均大于舒张期。然而，舒张期的左室尺寸大于收缩期。此外，B 型超声心动图记录的心功能指数，包括舒张末期容积、收缩末期容积、每搏输出量、射血分数和缩短分数，更接近引导 M 型超声心动图记录的值。据我们所知，这是第一项基于概率论和统计学、变异系数报告埃及驴（E. asinus）超声心动图参考范围的埃及研究。本研究的结果可作为进一步在驴中进行超声心动图研究的标准和参考值，并代表在识别、解释和评估此类动物心血管疾病方面的一个步骤。
