George Washington University, 1990 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 500, Washington 20007, D.C., USA.
Luciano Chair of Health Care Policy, Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, D-901, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2020 Jun;24(6):768-776. doi: 10.1007/s10995-020-02912-8.
Given evidence that anemia in the first year of life is associated with long-term cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits, reducing infant anemia is important. The primary objective of this research is to examine whether anemia in low income pregnant women in the United States is associated with anemia in the women's infants.
This cohort study linked Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance data on pregnant women with incomes below 185% of the federal poverty level from 2010 and 2011 with data on 6-11 month olds from 2011, resulting in a sample of 21,246 uniquely matched mother-infant pairs. We examined bivariate and multivariate relationship between anemia severity in pregnant women and in their infants.
Seventeen percent of women had anemia (13.1% mild and 3.9% moderate to severe) and 20.1% infants had anemia (16.4% mild and 3.7% moderate to severe). For both women and infants, blacks had substantially higher anemia rates than whites. In bivariate analysis and multivariate analyses maternal anemia showed a dose-response relationship to infant anemia. In predicted probabilities from the multivariate models, 27.2% of infants born to pregnant women with moderate to severe anemia had anemia, compared to 23.3% for infants whose mothers had mild anemia, and 18.3% for infants whose mothers did not have anemia.
This study provides strong evidence of a relationship between maternal and infant anemia in the United States among people with low incomes. Efforts to reduce anemia during pregnancy may be an important strategy for minimizing childhood anemia.
鉴于生命第一年的贫血与长期认知、运动和行为缺陷有关，因此降低婴儿贫血的发生率非常重要。本研究的主要目的是检验美国低收入孕妇的贫血是否与婴儿的贫血有关。
本队列研究将美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention） 2010 年至 2011 年期间收入低于联邦贫困线 185%的孕妇的监测数据与 2011 年 6 至 11 个月大婴儿的数据进行了关联，共纳入了 21246 对独特匹配的母婴对。我们检查了孕妇和婴儿贫血严重程度之间的单变量和多变量关系。
17%的妇女患有贫血（13.1%为轻度，3.9%为中重度），20.1%的婴儿患有贫血（16.4%为轻度，3.7%为中重度）。对于妇女和婴儿来说，黑人的贫血发生率明显高于白人。在单变量分析和多变量分析中，母亲贫血与婴儿贫血呈剂量反应关系。在多变量模型的预测概率中，患有中重度贫血的孕妇所生婴儿中，有 27.2%患有贫血，而轻度贫血孕妇所生婴儿中有 23.3%，不贫血孕妇所生婴儿中有 18.3%。
本研究在美国低收入人群中提供了孕妇和婴儿贫血之间存在关系的有力证据。在怀孕期间减少贫血的努力可能是减少儿童期贫血的重要策略。
