MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jun 24;71(25):813-819. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7125a1.
Among pregnant women, anemia, a condition of low hemoglobin concentration, can increase risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, including premature delivery, and other adverse outcomes (1). Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia, and during pregnancy, iron requirements increase (2). Surveillance of anemia during pregnancy in the United States is limited. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participant and Program Characteristics (PC) data provide an opportunity to establish national and WIC state agency-level* anemia surveillance for WIC participants. National and state agency anemia prevalences among pregnant WIC participants at enrollment were examined using 2008-2018 WIC-PC data. Across all 90 WIC agencies (50 states, the District of Columbia [DC], five territories, and 34 Indian Tribal Organizations), anemia prevalence among pregnant WIC participants at enrollment increased significantly, from 10.1% in 2008 to 11.4% in 2018 (13% increase). Anemia prevalence increased significantly in 36 (64%) of the 56 agencies in states, DC, and territories, and decreased significantly in 11 (20%). Prevalence of anemia overall and by pregnancy trimester were higher among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) women than among other racial or ethnic groups. Anemia prevalence was higher among women assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy than among those assessed during first or second trimesters. Routine anemia surveillance using WIC enrollment anemia data can identify groups at higher risk for iron deficiency. Findings from this report indicate that anemia continues to be a problem among low-income women and reinforces the importance of efforts that ensure these women have access to healthier, iron-rich foods before and during pregnancy. This includes ensuring that eligible women are enrolled in WIC early during pregnancy.
在孕妇中，贫血（血红蛋白浓度低的一种状况）会增加母婴发病率和死亡率的风险，包括早产和其他不良后果（1）。缺铁是贫血的常见原因，而在怀孕期间，铁的需求会增加（2）。美国对孕妇贫血的监测有限。妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）参与者和计划特征（PC）数据为建立全国和 WIC 州一级*贫血监测提供了机会。使用 2008-2018 年 WIC-PC 数据，检查了所有 90 个 WIC 机构（50 个州、哥伦比亚特区[DC]、五个领土和 34 个印第安部落组织）中怀孕的 WIC 参与者在登记时的国家和州机构贫血患病率。在所有 90 个 WIC 机构（50 个州、哥伦比亚特区[DC]、五个领土和 34 个印第安部落组织）中，怀孕的 WIC 参与者在登记时的贫血患病率显著增加，从 2008 年的 10.1%增加到 2018 年的 11.4%（增加 13%）。在 56 个州、哥伦比亚特区[DC]和领土中的 36 个（64%）机构中，贫血患病率显著增加，而在 11 个（20%）机构中则显著下降。非西班牙裔黑人和非洲裔美国（黑人）女性的总体贫血患病率和每个妊娠阶段的贫血患病率均高于其他种族或族裔群体。在妊娠晚期接受评估的女性贫血患病率高于在妊娠第一或第二阶段接受评估的女性。使用 WIC 登记贫血数据进行常规贫血监测，可以确定缺铁风险较高的人群。本报告的结果表明，贫血仍然是低收入妇女的一个问题，并强调了确保这些妇女在怀孕前和怀孕期间获得更健康、富含铁的食物的重要性。这包括确保符合条件的妇女在怀孕早期就参加 WIC。
