Chougar Linda, Mas-Coma Santiago, Artigas Patricio, Harhoura Khaled, Aissi Miriem, Agramunt Veronica H, Bargues María D
Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Animal Health and Productions Laboratory, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 Sep;67(5):2190-2205. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13572. Epub 2020 May 5.
Fascioliasis is a freshwater snail-borne zoonotic helminth disease caused by two species of trematodes: Fasciola hepatica of almost worldwide distribution and the more pathogenic F. gigantica restricted to parts of Asia and most of Africa. Of high pathological impact in ruminants, it underlies large livestock husbandry losses. Fascioliasis is moreover of high public health importance and accordingly included within the main neglected tropical diseases by WHO. Additionally, this is an emerging disease due to influences of climate and global changes. In Africa, F. gigantica is distributed throughout almost the whole continent except in the north-western Maghreb countries of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia where only F. hepatica is present. The present study concerns the DNA multimarker characterization of the first finding of F. gigantica in sheep in Algeria by the complete sequences of rDNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 and mtDNA cox1 and nad1 genes. Sequence comparisons and network analyses show sequence identities and similarities suggesting a south-north trans-Saharan geographical origin, with introduction from Ghana, through the Sahel countries of Burkina Faso and Mali into Algeria. This way perfectly fits with nomadic pastoralism according to interconnecting intranational and transborder herd transhumance routes traditionally followed in this western part of Africa from very long ago. The risk for further spread throughout the three north-western Maghreb countries is multidisciplinarily analysed, mainly considering the present extensive motorization of the intranational transhumance system in Algeria, the lymnaeid snail vector species present throughout the north-western Maghreb, the increasing demand for animal products in the growing cities of northern Algeria and the continued human infection reports. Control measures should assure making anti-fasciolid drugs available and affordable for herders from the beginning and along their transhumant routes and include diffusion and rules within the regional regulatory framework about the need for herd treatments.
肝片吸虫病是一种由淡水蜗牛传播的人畜共患蠕虫病，由两种吸虫引起：分布几乎遍及全球的肝片吸虫以及致病性更强的巨片吸虫，后者局限于亚洲部分地区和非洲大部分地区。它对反刍动物具有很高的病理影响，是造成大型畜牧业损失的原因。此外，肝片吸虫病具有很高的公共卫生重要性，因此被世界卫生组织列入主要的被忽视热带病。此外，由于气候和全球变化的影响，这还是一种新兴疾病。在非洲，巨片吸虫分布在几乎整个大陆，除了摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚和突尼斯的西北马格里布国家，这些国家仅存在肝片吸虫。本研究通过核糖体DNA ITS-1和ITS-2以及线粒体DNA cox1和nad1基因的完整序列，对阿尔及利亚绵羊中首次发现的巨片吸虫进行DNA多标记特征分析。序列比较和网络分析显示了序列的同一性和相似性，表明其地理起源是从南到北穿越撒哈拉沙漠，从加纳引入，经布基纳法索和马里的萨赫勒国家进入阿尔及利亚。这种方式与游牧畜牧业完美契合，这是根据非洲西部从很久以前就传统遵循的国内和跨境畜群季节性迁移路线相互连接得出的。多学科分析了巨片吸虫在西北马格里布三个国家进一步传播的风险，主要考虑了阿尔及利亚国内季节性迁移系统目前广泛的机动化、西北马格里布各地存在的椎实螺类蜗牛传播媒介物种、阿尔及利亚北部不断发展的城市对动物产品日益增长的需求以及持续的人类感染报告。控制措施应确保从一开始并在牧民的季节性迁移路线上都能获得且负担得起抗片吸虫药物，并且在区域监管框架内纳入关于畜群治疗必要性的宣传和规定。
