Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
Parasitol Res. 2024 May 14;123(5):210. doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08201-5.
Fasciola gigantica is a widespread parasite that causes neglected disease in livestock worldwide. Its high transmissibility and dispersion are attributed to its ability to infect intermediate snail hosts and adapt to various mammalian definitive hosts. This study investigated the variation and population dynamics of F. gigantica in cattle, sheep, and goats from three states in Sudan. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes were sequenced successfully to examine intra and interspecific differences. ND1 exhibited higher diversity than COI, with 15 haplotypes and 10 haplotypes, respectively. Both genes had high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity, with 21 and 11 polymorphic sites for ND1 and COI, respectively. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that F. gigantica from different host species was in a state of population expansion. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and median networks revealed that F. gigantica in Sudan and other African countries had host-specific and country-specific lineages for both genes. The study also indicated that F. gigantica-infected small ruminants were evolutionarily distant, suggesting deep and historical interspecies adaptation.
巨型片形吸虫是一种广泛分布的寄生虫，在全球范围内导致家畜被忽视的疾病。它具有很高的传染性和分散性，这归因于它能够感染中间宿主蜗牛，并适应各种哺乳动物的终末宿主。本研究调查了来自苏丹三个州的牛、绵羊和山羊中巨型片形吸虫的变异和种群动态。成功地对线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 和 NADH 脱氢酶亚基 1 (ND1) 基因进行了测序，以检查种内和种间差异。ND1 的多样性高于 COI，分别有 15 个和 10 个单倍型。这两个基因的单倍型多样性都很高，但核苷酸多样性很低，ND1 和 COI 分别有 21 个和 11 个多态性位点。歧点分布分析和中性检验表明，来自不同宿主物种的巨型片形吸虫处于种群扩张状态。最大似然系统发育树和中位数网络表明，苏丹和其他非洲国家的巨型片形吸虫在这两个基因上都具有宿主特异性和国家特异性谱系。该研究还表明，感染小反刍动物的巨型片形吸虫在进化上是遥远的，这表明它们之间存在着深刻而历史悠久的种间适应。
