Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;33(3):238-243. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000643.
The human body plays host to bacterial biofilms across diverse anatomical sites. The treatment of pathogenic biofilm infection is confounded by their high rate of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is critical to understand the interplay between these biofilms and the host immune system to develop new tactics to combat these infections.
Bacterial biofilms and the components they produce affect and are affected by the host immune system. Host anatomical sites represent distinct niches in which defined bacterial biofilms are able to form and interact with the host immune system. For persistent colonization to occur, the bacteria must either avoid or suppress the host immune system, or induce an immune response that facilitates their perpetuation.
Commensal bacterial biofilms form a protective barrier against colonization by pathogens. Using similar mechanisms, bacteria modulate the immune system to orchestrate persistence and sometimes disease. Clinicians must balance the need to avoid disturbing beneficial commensal biofilms with the difficulty in preventing or treating pathogenic bacterial biofilms such as those that develop on medical implants and open wounds.
目的综述：人体在不同的解剖部位存在细菌生物膜。致病性生物膜感染的治疗因抗生素耐药率高而变得复杂。因此，了解这些生物膜与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用对于开发新策略来对抗这些感染至关重要。
最新发现：细菌生物膜及其产生的成分会影响和受宿主免疫系统的影响。宿主解剖部位代表了特定的小生境，其中可以形成并与宿主免疫系统相互作用的特定细菌生物膜。为了实现持续定植，细菌必须避免或抑制宿主免疫系统，或诱导有利于其持续存在的免疫反应。
总结：共生细菌生物膜形成了防止病原体定植的保护屏障。细菌使用类似的机制来调节免疫系统，以协调持久性并在某些情况下引发疾病。临床医生必须在避免干扰有益共生生物膜的需求与预防或治疗医疗植入物和开放性伤口等部位形成的致病性细菌生物膜之间取得平衡。
