Tolker-Nielsen Tim
Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
APMIS Suppl. 2014 Dec(138):1-51. doi: 10.1111/apm.12335.
Bacteria in natural, industrial and clinical settings predominantly live in biofilms, i.e., sessile structured microbial communities encased in self-produced extracellular matrix material. One of the most important characteristics of microbial biofilms is that the resident bacteria display a remarkable increased tolerance toward antimicrobial attack. Biofilms formed by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria are involved in devastating persistent medical device-associated infections, and chronic infections in individuals who are immune-compromised or otherwise impaired in the host defense. Because the use of conventional antimicrobial compounds in many cases cannot eradicate biofilms, there is an urgent need to develop alternative measures to combat biofilm infections. The present review is focussed on the important opportunistic pathogen and biofilm model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Initially, biofilm infections where P. aeruginosa plays an important role are described. Subsequently, current insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and the associated antimicrobial tolerance are reviewed. And finally, based on our knowledge about molecular biofilm biology, a number of therapeutic strategies for combat of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections are presented.
在自然、工业和临床环境中，细菌主要生活在生物膜中，即包裹在自身产生的细胞外基质材料中的固着性结构化微生物群落。微生物生物膜最重要的特征之一是，其中的常驻细菌对抗菌攻击的耐受性显著增强。由机会致病菌形成的生物膜会引发严重的与医疗器械相关的持续性感染，以及免疫功能低下或宿主防御功能受损个体的慢性感染。由于在许多情况下使用传统抗菌化合物无法根除生物膜，因此迫切需要开发对抗生物膜感染的替代措施。本综述聚焦于重要的机会致病菌和生物膜模式生物铜绿假单胞菌。首先，描述了铜绿假单胞菌发挥重要作用的生物膜感染。随后，综述了目前对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成及相关抗菌耐受性所涉及分子机制的见解。最后，基于我们对分子生物膜生物学的了解，提出了一些对抗铜绿假单胞菌生物膜感染的治疗策略。
